علوم تربیتی

ارائه مدلی مبتنی بر توانمندی‌های ضروری در آزمون ورودی گروه علوم انسانی؛ تلفیق روش مقیاس‌بندی ‌چندبُعدی و معادلات ساختاری

10.22055/edus.2025.48891.3716
دوره 33، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 87-106
علوم تربیتی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فاطمه صباغی 1
ابراهیم خدایی 2
علی مقدم زاده 3

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی سنجش، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
کنکور یکی از مهم‌ترین سازوکارهای ورود دانش‌آموزان به آموزش عالی است و کیفیت آن می‌تواند بر گزینش نیروی انسانی و کیفیت آموزش عالی تأثیرگذار باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی توانمندی‌های ضروری داوطلبان آزمون ورودی دانشگاه‌ها در گروه علوم انسانی و ارائه مدلی مبتنی بر این توانمندی‌ها انجام شد. برای این منظور، از تلفیق روش‌های مقیاس‌بندی چندبُعدی و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل ۳۷۰٬۱۱۲ داوطلب گروه علوم انسانی آزمون سراسری سال ۱۴۰۰ بود که ۳۳٬۲۰۴ نفر از آنان به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از کارنامه آزمون سراسری داوطلبان گردآوری شد. یافته‌های حاصل از مقیاس‌بندی چندبُعدی، چهار عامل توانایی عمومی، توانایی ذهنی، توانایی محاسباتی و توانایی کلامی را نشان داد. توانایی عمومی و ذهنی به‌ترتیب مجموعه‌ای از دروس مختلف علوم انسانی و توانایی محاسباتی و کلامی به‌ترتیب شامل ریاضی و زبان خارجی بودند. نتایج مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که میان توانایی عمومی و ذهنی رابطه‌ای قوی وجود دارد، در حالی که توانایی‌های محاسباتی و کلامی مستقل‌ترند. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده گستردگی و تنوع بیش از حد دروس گروه علوم انسانی، ضعف ارتباط محتوای آزمون با رشته انتخابی و شکل ‌نگرفتن عوامل متمایز و منسجم زیربنایی در آزمون سراسری این گروه است. بر این اساس، بازنگری در تنوع دروس، تقویت ارتباط آزمون با رشته‌های دانشگاهی، توجه متمایز به زبان و ادبیات فارسی، چندبُعدی‌کردن فرایند سنجش و توجه به توانایی‌های پژوهشی داوطلبان پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آزمون
علوم انسانی
کنکور
مدل معادلات ساختاری
مقیاس‌بندی چندبُعدی

عنوان مقاله English

Presenting a Model Based on Essential Capabilities in the Entrance Exam of the Humanities Group; Combining the Multidimensional Scaling Method and Structural Equations

نویسندگان English

Fateme Sabbaghi 1
Ebrahim Khodaie 2
Ali Moghadamzadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Assessment and Measurement, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehra, Thran, Iran.
چکیده English

Today, the entrance exam is one of the basic and important requirements for students to enter universities, which requires extensive research. Therefore, the present study will present a model based on the basic capabilities of candidates in university entrance exams, by applying and combining two methods: multidimensional scaling and structural equations. The statistical population of this study was (370,112) candidates for the humanities entrance exam in 1400, of which (33,204) candidates were selected based on random sampling. The data collection source was the national exam report card of candidates. At the first, based on the analyses conducted using the multidimensional scaling method, we reached four dimensions of general ability, mental ability, computational ability, and verbal ability. And then using the structural equation modeling method, the strong relationship was identified between the first and second factors, which may be considered as one factor, but the third and fourth factors, are completely independent of other factors, which can also be confirmed based on theoretical foundations.Finally, Research results indicate the excessive breadth and diversity of courses in the humanities field, the decrease in students' focus on their interest area, the great similarity of general and specialized courses, and, as a result, the lack of formation of specific factors for the national humanities exam, the independence of the two subjects, mathematics, and English, like similar large-scale exams, the lack of attention to the distinctive presentation of Persian language and literature as the main country language. This has led to the necessity of designing a multidimensional national exam process, and the emphasis on research and research skills, in the selection process of candidates. Accordingly, several suggestions were presented to curriculum and researchers in this field

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Exam
  • Humanities
  • Entrance Exam
  • Structural Equation Model
  • Multidimensional Scaling
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