علوم تربیتی

مدل چند وجهی جذب مؤثر دانشجویان بین‌الملل در دانشگاه‌های شرق کشور

10.22055/edus.2025.47946.3651
دوره 32، شماره 2
دی 1404
صفحه 249-272
علوم تربیتی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

فاطمه طاهرپور 1
هادی پورشافعی 2

1 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند، خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به منظور شناسایی راهکارهای جذب مؤثردانشجویان خارجی در دانشگاه‌های شرق کشور صورت گرفت. پژوهش از نوع کیفی و بر پایه نظریه داده بنیاد با رویکرد ظاهر شونده انجام شد. مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش را مدیران حال و گذشته دفتر روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه‌های فردوسی مشهد و بیرجند و اعضای هیئت علمی که متخصص و دارای تجربه همکاری‌های بین‌المللی بودند، تشکیل داد. نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند و ملاک محور و تا رسیدن به سطح اشباع نظرات ادامه یافت که در نهایت 15 نفر در مصاحبه شرکت کردند. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق کدگذاری باز، انتخابی و محوری صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها، حاکی از این بود که عوامل مؤثر در جذب دانشجویان خارجی، احداث واحد بین‌الملل، وجود قوانین منسجم، پذیرش فرهنگ‌های متفاوت، وجود شبکه‌های ارتباطی، تمرکز بر پژوهش‌های بنیادی، سیستم تدریس مدرن، مراجع علمی سرآمد، امکانات رفاهی و خدماتی و ایجاد انگیزه مالی است. در تبیین چالش‌ها و موانع؛ عدم وجود استانداردهای آموزشی، غالب بودن نگرش مالی، مدرک‌گرایی (کمیت‌گرایی)، ارتباط عرفی/ مذهبی، عدم روابط بین‌المللی، تحریم سیستم بانکی و ساختار امنیتی حاکم، شناسایی شدند. در تبیین اقدامات و راهبردهای مؤثر؛ ایجاد واحدهای مجازی، آموزش جداگانه، تدوین معیارهای استاندارد جذب، ارائه مدرک دوگانه، همراه‌یار پژوهشی، پروژه‌های اشتراکی و جذب پژوهش‌محور استخراج شد. در نهایت در تبیین پیامدهای جذب دانشجویان خارجی؛ شناخت و اشتراک فرهنگی، پویایی فکری و علمی، استقلال مالی، سرخوردگی رفتاری (دوگانگی فرهنگی) و تبعیض علمی مؤثر بوده‌اند. در نهایت مدل چندوجهی جذب دانشجویان خارجی ترسیم گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آموزش عالی
بین‌المللی‌سازی
جذب دانشجویان خارجی
دانشگاه‌های شرق

عنوان مقاله English

The Multifaceted Model of Effective Recruitment of International Students in the Universities of the East of the Country

نویسندگان English

fateme taherpour 1
hadi Pourshafei 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Birjand, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Birjand, South Khorasan, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده English

This qualitative study, using a grounded theory approach with the emergent design articulated by Strauss and Corbin (1990), explored strategies for attracting international students to universities in eastern Iran, specifically Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and the University of Birjand. The participants of this study consisted of current and former managers of the International Office of these universities, as well as faculty members who were specialists and had extensive experience in international collaborations. Sampling was purposeful and criterion-based and continued until reaching the level of theoretical saturation, with a total of 15 individuals participating in semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed through open, selective, and axial coding using MAXQDA software, and trustworthiness was ensured using Guba and Lincoln's criteria. The findings indicated that universities view attracting foreign students as a form of multifaceted investment. The factors effective in attracting foreign students include: establishing an international unit, having coherent regulations, accepting different cultures, having communication networks, focusing on fundamental research, a modern teaching system, leading scientific references, welfare and service facilities, and creating financial incentives. In explaining the challenges and obstacles, the following were identified: lack of educational standards, the predominance of a financial attitude, credentialism (quantity-orientation), customary/religious ties, lack of international relations, banking system sanctions, and the prevailing security structure. These challenges were divided into internal organizational and external organizational categories. In explaining effective measures and strategies, the following were extracted across three domains: educational strategies (creating virtual units, separate education, formulating standard admission criteria, offering dual degrees), research strategies (research companions, joint projects, research-oriented recruitment), and welfare strategies (material and intellectual rights). Finally, in explaining the consequences of attracting foreign students, the following were influential: positive outcomes such as cultural recognition and sharing, intellectual and scientific dynamism, and financial independence, as well as negative outcomes such as behavioral frustration (cultural duality) and academic discrimination. Ultimately, based on a typology of investment patterns, four dominant recruitment models emerged: maximum absorption, regional recruitment, elite-oriented recruitment, and project-oriented recruitment, and a multifaceted model for attracting foreign students was outlined.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • higher education
  • internationalization
  • attracting foreign students
  • universities of eastern Iran
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