تتحلیل منش معلمی از منظر اخلاق مراقبتی: استنتاج اصول تربیتی

دوره 32، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 225-244

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، گروه علوم تربیتی، داشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم‌تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران.

4 دانشیارگروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل و تبیین منش معلمی از منظر اخلاق مراقبتی و استنتاج اصول تربیتی آن می‌باشد. این پژوهش به روش تحلیلی  استنتاجی صورت گرفته است. در رویکرد تحلیلی، مفاهیم و مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با منش معلمی، در دو بعد آموزشی و تربیتی واکاوی و بازشناسی شده‌اند. سپس با رویکرد استنتاجی از نوع پیشرونده، اصول منش معلمی مبتنی بر اخلاق مراقبتی استخراج و تبیین شده است. تحلیل‌ها نشان می‌دهد که نظریه اخلاق مراقبتی شامل ویژگی‌هایی همچون عطوفت و مهرورزی به دیگران، موقعیت‌مداری، جزئی‌نگری، متعهد بودن به رفع نیاز دیگری و درک دیگران است که کاربرد آن می‌تواند موجب افزایش انگیزه و شور و نشاط میان دانش‌آموزان گردد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که کلیات منش معلمی مبتنی بر اخلاق مراقبتی، دارای مؤلفه‌هایی همچون ارتباط‌دادن موضوعات درسی با تجربیات دانش‌آموزان، آسان‌گیری در آموزش، مهارت برقراری ارتباط، آموزش بر اساس نیاز فراگیران، تسلط بر موضوع، مدیریت کلاس، ارزشیابی مشارکتی، دریافت بازخورد، تنوع در ارائه محتوا، شناخت مربی از خود و فراگیر، تفکر بین رشته‌ای، یادگیری مشارکتی، پرورش تفکر انتقادی، شنیدن دریافتی، الگو و اسوه بودن، تعهد و مسئولیت، برقراری ارتباط صمیمانه، تأیید، اعتماد، فروتنی، صبر، عدالت، پرهیز از رفتار آسیب زا، صداقت، توجه به تفاوت‌های فرهنگی و تربیتی، احترام و توجه به امور معنوی می‌باشد. استنتاج مؤلفه‌ها و اصول منش معلمی، نشان دهنده توجه ویژه اخلاق مراقبتی به بعد آموزشی و تربیتی فراگیران است. زیرا اخلاق‌مندی، توجه و حمایت عاطفی معلم می‌تواند تأثیر بسزایی بر عملکرد دانش‌آموزان و ایجاد وفاق و همدلی داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing Teacher Character from the Perspective of Caring Ethics: Deducing Educational Principles

نویسندگان English

Yalda Hesari 1
Mohammad Hossein Heidari 2
Hassan Ali Bakhtiar Nasrabadi 3
sayyedjalal hashemi 4
1 PhD student in Philosophy of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction
The purpose of this research is to analyze and explain teacher character from the perspective of caring ethics and to deduce its educational principles.
 
Method
This research has been conducted using an analytical-deductive method. In the analytical approach, the concepts and components related to teacher character have been analyzed and recognized in two educational and training dimensions. Then, with a progressive deductive approach, the principles of teacher character based on caring ethics have been extracted and explained.
 
Results
Analyses show that the theory of caring ethics includes characteristics such as compassion and kindness to others, situational orientation, detail-orientedness, commitment to meeting the needs of others, and understanding others, the application of which can increase motivation and enthusiasm among students. The research findings show that the general character of a teacher based on caring ethics includes components such as connecting course topics with students' experiences, taking it easy in teaching, communication skills, teaching based on the needs of learners, mastery of the subject, classroom management, participatory evaluation, receiving feedback, diversity in content presentation, the instructor's knowledge of himself and the learner, interdisciplinary thinking, collaborative learning, cultivating critical thinking, receptive listening, being a role model, commitment and responsibility, establishing sincere communication, affirmation, trust, humility, patience, justice, avoiding harmful behavior, honesty, paying attention to cultural and educational differences, respect, and attention to spiritual matters.
 
Discussion
The derivation of the components and principles of teacher character shows the special attention of the ethics of care to the educational and training dimension of learners, because the teacher's morality, attention, and emotional support can have a significant impact on student performance and create harmony and empathy.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Caring ethics
  • teaching character
  • care
  • educational principles
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