Mahmood Bohrani; Gholamreza Rajabi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 203-220
Abstract
This research aimed to study of the effects of classroom goal structures on students’ psychological wellbeing with respect to the mediating role of self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. In this regard, the effects of performance and mastery goal structure as exogenous variables with self-efficacy ...
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This research aimed to study of the effects of classroom goal structures on students’ psychological wellbeing with respect to the mediating role of self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. In this regard, the effects of performance and mastery goal structure as exogenous variables with self-efficacy and basic psychological needs as mediating variables on wellbeing were tested through a hypothesis model. Research method in this study was a correlation research. The subjects consisted of 160 secondary students (77 girls and 83 boys) of tenth grade in 2010-11 academic years, which were selected by cluster random sampling method from four educational region of Shiraz city. Instruments included the basic psychological needs scale (1985), the goal structure scale (2003), the self-efficacy scale (1982) and the life satisfaction scale (2007). The results showed that, the effect of performance goals structure were not supported by the empirical data, But the effect of mastery goals structure were supported. The exogenous variable of mastery goals could significantly predict the mediating self-efficacy and basic psychological needs variables, and the latter variables also significantly predicted well-being as the final endogenous variable. In this manner, only the mastery goals structure can predict students' psychological well-being with mediating role of academic self-efficacy and psychological needs. However, this result is in regard with the importance of mastery goals which emphasis on dominated learning over subject has theoretical and logical benef
A Aminbeidokhti; S Maisami
Volume 18, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 207-226
Abstract
Changing the environment is a ubiquitous phenomenon which is nowadays inseparable from organizational life. Peter Sange believes that in a complicated world, those organizations can survive that constantly increase their knowledge in order to compete with rivals. The aim of this study is to assess teachersُ ...
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Changing the environment is a ubiquitous phenomenon which is nowadays inseparable from organizational life. Peter Sange believes that in a complicated world, those organizations can survive that constantly increase their knowledge in order to compete with rivals. The aim of this study is to assess teachersُ attitudes toward creating a learning organization at Semnan City educational system. The research methodology is descriptive and the statistical population comprises all teachers of Semnan City educational system. A sample of 313 teachers was randomly selected. A researcher's made questionnaire was used for collecting data, and for data analysis descriptive statistics (prequncy, percentage table) and inference statistics (T- test and Factorial analysis) were used. The findings revealed that the educational system has suitable cultural in frastructure whit respect to conversion into a tearning organization but lacked physical infrastructure and suitable educational facilities. Besides, educational employees in terms of Peter Sange three principles of personal mastery, team learning and mental models are at desirable condition whereas they fall short of a desirable. Start reqarding the two principles of systematic thinking and shared visions.
A Khakpour
Volume 19, Issue 2 , February 2013, , Pages 209-230
Abstract
Job turnover is one of the most important challenges of human resources management in all organizations, especially in educational systems. Educators and teachers’ moving or leaving (job) causes many direct (reemploying, education and ...) and indirect costs into education systems. The purpose ...
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Job turnover is one of the most important challenges of human resources management in all organizations, especially in educational systems. Educators and teachers’ moving or leaving (job) causes many direct (reemploying, education and ...) and indirect costs into education systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to educators’ tendency to job turnover. A mixed research methodology was adopted in this study. The population included HAMEDAN province educators (N= 614) employed in high and guidance schools from whom a sample of 344 educators was randomly selected. Data collection tools, comprised a Likert style questionnaire with 97 close ended questions and 2 open ended questions at the end of the questionnaire. This study sought to answer four fundamental questions: 1- how many educators want to transfer to the field of teaching, 2- What are the educator's most important reasons to leave their job? 3- Which factor is the most important in predicting the amount of tendency to job turnover? 4- What suggestions do educators have for promoting a more effective managing of affairs and problems? The results indicated that 45 percent of educators opt for transfer to teaching positions. Given a second chance only 39 percent would choose this job. Research results showed job involvement, age, organizational commitment, job characteristics (job motivation), job satisfaction and school facilities have meaningful (negative) relations with educators’ tendency to changing their job. Job characteristics were shown to be the most valid independent variable in predicting tendency to job turnover among educators. Content Analysis of the open ended questions, confirmed the results of quantitative data.
R Mahdiuon; M Ghahramani; M Farasatkhah; M Abolghasemi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 211-230
Abstract
Purpose of this study was presenting a quality assurance and enhancement model in e-learning institution and centers at higher education level. For this goal we used the grounded theory as the qualitative research method. Statistical population of this research constitute of e-learning center managers, ...
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Purpose of this study was presenting a quality assurance and enhancement model in e-learning institution and centers at higher education level. For this goal we used the grounded theory as the qualitative research method. Statistical population of this research constitute of e-learning center managers, instructors, e-learning specialists, specialists of quality in higher education and policy makers. From this population 16 member in a purposeful way was selected for intense interview and interviews continued until theoretical saturation. Validity of findings granted by member checking, Peer examination, participatory research and researcher reflexivity methods. We used open coding, axial coding and selective coding for data analysis. The results indicate that 173 initial conceptual propositions with 35 sub categories and 15 main categories in the form of six-fold paradigmatic model consisting of casual conditions (3 categories), main phenomenon (Learning Quality) strategy (3 categories), context (2 categories), environmental conditions (3 categories) and outcome (3 categories), identified. And the relationships between them were drawn on the paradigmatic model.
Educational Management
alihossein hosseinzadeh; mohammadali mombeini
Abstract
Introduction
The aim of the research: Equal access to education for all means that everyone within the educational system has the opportunity and opportunity to succeed. Equally, equal educational opportunities means equal enjoyment and the equal chance of all students enrolling in the educational system ...
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Introduction
The aim of the research: Equal access to education for all means that everyone within the educational system has the opportunity and opportunity to succeed. Equally, equal educational opportunities means equal enjoyment and the equal chance of all students enrolling in the educational system and having a class, and appropriate training programs, specialist teachers, educational facilities and equipment. According to the annual reports of the Ministry of Education and the General Directorate of Education and Training of Khuzestan Province, many educational districts of Khuzestan province are inferior to the other regions of the country in terms of scientific and educational development indicators. This study aimed «Social Factors Affecting the inequality of education teachers in Khuzestan province« has been done.
Research Method
The present research method is «survey«. Hence, the data collected (questionnaire), population «primary and secondary school teachers of the province«, sampling (cluster), the number of samples «381«, the data analysis «software Spss23« and of time and space research «primary and secondary education courses first school districts in the province of khouzestan from 1394-1395 and 1395-1396.
Results
According to sociological studies, internal and external research backgrounds, exchange of views with relevant faculty members and scientific and executive experts, as well as pathological seminars and conferences in Khuzestan province in recent years, this research is one of a series of social factors affecting Educational inequality of students, variables such as «individual economic capital«, «parent economic capital«, «individual cultural capital«, «parent cultural capital«, «individual social capital«, «parents capital Social« Analyzed and evaluated.
Discussion
The results of this study indicate that there is a significant and negative correlation between the independent variables of individual economic capital, parent economic capital, individual cultural capital, parent cultural capital, individual social capital and parents capital Social with dependent variable of students' educational inequality. The results of stepwise multivariate regression model shows that among the independent variables, individual economic capital, individual social capital, parents capital Social and parent economic capital variance of the dependent variable educational inequality students (R2 = 0/422) Are explained.
Mohammad Faegh Mohammadi; Siroos Ghanbari
Abstract
introduction Identifying the Factors Affecting the employee voice behavior in Western Universities of Iran Employee engagement and collaboration in the organization is one of the most important development and productivity strategies. Changes in management style and theories are due to the attention ...
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introduction Identifying the Factors Affecting the employee voice behavior in Western Universities of Iran Employee engagement and collaboration in the organization is one of the most important development and productivity strategies. Changes in management style and theories are due to the attention of employees as an important source of transformation and investment on their vision and opinions. Accordingly As rapidly environmental and technology changes What can guarantee the survival and development of organizations and their development, attention to the participation and expression of the staff's perspective and voice. Method therefore, the purpose of the present study was Identifying the factors that affecting the employee voice behavior in the western universities. The research method is exploratory mix method. The statistical population consisted of all employees, Kermanshah, Hamedan and Kurdistan universities(1585 person). In the qualitative section, 41 employees were interviewed according to purposeful and based on theoretical saturation principle. The sample size was 310 according to the Krejcie & Morgan tables. The instrument in the qualitative section semi-structured interview And in the quantitative part researcher's questionnaire was used. For data analysis use of the exploratory factor analysis to identify the underlying factors of employee participation in voice behavior, Then, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the power factors of the model. Results The results of the qualitative section were categorized into 52 items. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying factors of voice behavior. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, this items were identified in the nine core factors: The justice-based organizational climate, Managerial features and leadership style, Organizational culture supportive of participation, Feedback and evaluation mechanism, Embracing change and technology, Personal and professional characteristics, Teamwork and interaction, Adherence to organizational roles and goals, Job and organizational fitness. In the confirmation section, the model of the relationship of factors with voice behavior was fitness, that indicating the appropriateness of factors in the development of voice behavior. Discussion Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of voice behavior in organizations, and in particular academic organizations, Requires recognition the several factors including individual, managerial and organizational variables, This can be used to enhance the employees voice behavior and to enable collaboration and participation between different levels of the organization in order to achieve productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of voice behavior in organizations, and in particular academic organizations, Requires recognition the several factors including individual, managerial and organizational variables, This can be used to enhance the employees voice behavior and to enable collaboration and participation between different levels of the organization in order to achieve productivity. Key words: employee voice behavior, Organizational participation, Organizational silence, Western universities
Y. Zargar; N. Tahmasebi; I. Davoodi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 221-238
Abstract
...
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Abstract The aim of this study was to construct and validate a scale for the Academic Field Interest of university students. An elementary scale consisting of 44 items about this field was administered to 280 subjects randomly selected via multistage cluster sampling from among male and female students of Shahid Chamran university and Jundi Shapur University of medical sciences Ahvaz (fields consisting of human sciences, basic sciences, engineering- technical sciences and medicine). Factor analysis of the data yielded formation of a 29-item scale entitled Academic Field Interest Scale (AFIS) comprising three factors. The first factor with 16 items was entitled Inner Interest, the second factor with 6 items option and persistence and the third factor with 7 items social prestige. The validity and reliability (as measured by Cronbach Alpha .95) were found to be satisfactory.
Curriculum Development
Mohammad Reza Yousefzadeh Chosary; Zohreh Karami
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was introducing threshold concepts and their status in disciplines, and then introducing these concepts as a new horizon for research in curriculum. Threshold concepts theory was initially introduced by Mayers & Land in 2003. This theory is endorsed by troublesome knowledge, ...
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The main purpose of this study was introducing threshold concepts and their status in disciplines, and then introducing these concepts as a new horizon for research in curriculum. Threshold concepts theory was initially introduced by Mayers & Land in 2003. This theory is endorsed by troublesome knowledge, variation and reconstructivist theories. Threshold concepts provide requirements for deep understanding of disciplinary knowledge. Without learning these concepts, learners will be unable to learn effectively. Mayers and Land have proposed different criteria for identifying threshold concepts, with the help of them, we can identify the concepts in curriculum. Threshold concepts are expected to help teachers to develop significant changes in curriculum. Research in threshold concepts was initially conducted in higher education. Since the learners’ previous experiences play an important role in studies around identifying threshold concepts, the phenomenological research method has been used in most of these studies. Also, to solve teaching and learning problems arisen from these concepts, instructors, teachers, and researchers are recommended to use methods such as action research and lesson study.
O. Saber; S. Shahi; Y. Mehralizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 209-224
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the communication of educational department’s managers with students from the perspective of undergraduate students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The method of research was a mixed of one. To achieve this goal by using ...
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the communication of educational department’s managers with students from the perspective of undergraduate students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The method of research was a mixed of one. To achieve this goal by using random sampling, 240 undergraduate students in their Third and Fourth year of study at Shahid Chamran University (SCU) were selected. A questionnaire was given to 210 of them and 30 of them were interviewed. The validity of questionnaire was measured by content analysis method and the reliability was computed by Cronbach alpha (0.95). The Organizational communication effectiveness of department managers and students was analyzed based on from five dimensions (structure, content, individual, organizational, and human communication). The results showed that organizational communication effectiveness of educational departments managers with students. From the perspective of content, individuals, organizational and human communications(t = 4) was not at the optimal level. However a proved to be significant in structural dimension (t = 3). The findings also showed human communications had the lowest mean and individual dimension ranked highest among the dimensions. The findings showed no significant differences between the humanities and non humanities in organizational communication effectiveness of university department's managers with students, but there were significant differences among faculties. Also, the findings showed no significant difference between boy and girl students in organizational communications dimensions, but significant differences was observed between boy and girl students in human communications dimension. Moreover, findings showed no significant difference between third and fourth year undergraduate students in all dimensions, except for the content dimension.
Educational Management
Behrooz Arbab Shirani; Ali Zeynal Hamadani; Seyed Hamidreza Shavaran
Abstract
Introduction Higher education provides the basis for the economic, social, cultural and scientific development of each country And one of the most important factors in the dynamics of the national economy. Therefore, planning to empowerment of higher education and How to transform higher education to ...
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Introduction Higher education provides the basis for the economic, social, cultural and scientific development of each country And one of the most important factors in the dynamics of the national economy. Therefore, planning to empowerment of higher education and How to transform higher education to meet and respond to the internal and external challenges of the university is one of the most important issues. strategic planning is one of the common methods of planning in higher education. It is used as a tool for managing decisions and activities that affect the long - term performance of a firm. Considering the importance of strategic planning in higher education, The purpose of this study was to improve the strategic planning process in determining the priorities of the governmental subsystem of higher education in Isfahan province, using the combined SWOT model and exploratory factor analysis. Method The research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population was 130 faculty members of Isfahan University of Technology, University of Isfahan, Kashan University and Malek Ashtar Industrial Technology University, who participated in the process of compiling the Secretariat of Isfahan Higher Education Planning document (2015). The samples were selected, using the purposive sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose costruct, face and content validity was confirmed in the second phase of the Secretariat of Isfahan Higher Education Planning document. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0.70 through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. 45 faculty members completed the questionnaires and returned them. The data analysis was performed using the Bartlett test (KMO), exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS-17 software. Results By using this mixed model, (by reducing the dimensions of SWOT matrix to about one tenth points and through making a statistical relationship between internal and external factors ), seven valid strategies were discovered and defined without inquiring all the grids of SWOT matrix which had less complexity compared to the AHP and ANP methods. These strategies met the objectives of this sub-system and, by defining a new indicator, made the prioritization task through the use of linear allocation technique. Discussion Although the analysis technique of the SWOT matrix regulates the extraction of strategies, but according to Bryson & Roering (1987), this matrix does not provide a specific offer for how to extract strategies when comparing internal and external factors. Therefore, the development of WT, ST, WO and SO strategies are highly qualitative and is highly dependent on the expertise and creativity of strategists.
Ali Baniasadi; Hadi Pourshafei
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 221-242
Abstract
The goal of this research was the study of validity and reliability of revised short form of studying approaches to measuring the studying approaches of high school students. For this goal a sample was selected by the cluster method that complets the mentioned scale. This sample includes 310 students ...
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The goal of this research was the study of validity and reliability of revised short form of studying approaches to measuring the studying approaches of high school students. For this goal a sample was selected by the cluster method that complets the mentioned scale. This sample includes 310 students (155 female students and 155 male students) that 144 persons of them were studying mathematic and 166 persons were studying experiential sience. Internal consistency coefficients of each item measure between 30% and 71% by measuring the correlation of each item with total score of each approach. Conclusions of principle components studying, by varimax rotation show that similar to long’s conclusions, strategic approach with all of it’s items load in one factor and each of deep and surface approach items load in tow factors. So questionnaire (by omiting 2 items) includes 5 factor :strategic ,unrelated memorizing ,understanding the meaning, relationship of concepts, and fear of failure .In addition to the negative relationship between the surface approach and deep and strategic approaches and positive relationship between deep approach and strategic approach is the witness of scal validity .The Cronbach’s alpha and tes-retest reliability coefficients are in the suitable range and show the permanency in measuring the studying approach of high school students .
F. Shafiepour Motlagh; P. Jafari; M.H. Yarmohammadian; A. Delavar
Volume 18, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 239-254
Abstract
...
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The main purpose of this research was to determine the model of relationship between leadership styles,decision making stlyles and organizational trust with teachers' perceived organizational justice. The method of study was correlational. The statistical population consisted of all high school teachers of Iran's cental province of Esfehan. The data-gathering instruments comprised 4 questionnaires: Organizational Justice,Bass Leadership Styles, Decision-making Styles and Organizational Trust.The results indicated that transformational leadership by itself can explain 48% of justice variance. Based on B coefficient, proportional to an increase of one unit of comprehensive decision making, organizational justice increases by.584 unit. Further, the results show that trust in the organiztion by itself explains only 5% of the interactional justice variance, whereas with the inclusion of trust in administration and trust in colleagues, this figure rises to 13% and 15%, respectively. On the whole, the structural equation model indicates that the GFI index is .95 and that of the AGFI is .80, which bear witness to the goodness of fit of the experimental model of this reseach. Keywords:
Ziba Besharat; Badri Shahtalebi Hossein Abadi; Narges Saeedian Khorasgani
Abstract
Introduction The existence of moral dilemmas are one of the most important reasons why organizations have been implementing ethical leadership; therefore, ethical leadership is one of the major concerns and issues of today's organizations, to the extent that scientific flourishing, industrial progress, ...
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Introduction The existence of moral dilemmas are one of the most important reasons why organizations have been implementing ethical leadership; therefore, ethical leadership is one of the major concerns and issues of today's organizations, to the extent that scientific flourishing, industrial progress, and social affluence is affiliated with ethics in organizations. Methodology In terms of the purpose, the present study is applied research and it was carried out in two quantitative and qualitative phases. In the first phase of the research, the used research method is the type of analysis of the subject based on the inductive approach (data-based). In the second phase the present study has described the objective, realistic and regular characteristics of a subject and is a descriptive survey. The researcher identified and selected a list of the first articles that appeared to contain data relevant to the research objectives by using the books written in the field of higher education with a focus on ethical leadership and management, to better identify relevant issues related to the subject of research. By careful examination, a total of 250 Themes were identified in 24 documents. The statistical population in the second part of the study included all subject specialists in Azad universities of the country; 303 were sampled. In order to evaluate the content analysis, the "use of independent coders and experts group" was used. Using of independent coding is a common process for evaluating and controlling the quality of the analysis of the subject. In the quantitative section, content validity and face validity were used to assess the validity. Results the content was identified in the form of a closed-ended questionnaire whose content validity was approved by experts through the CVR of 8 panelists. The reliability of the information gathering tool was higher than 0.7 in convergent validity and higher than 0.8 in combined reliability by Cronbach's alpha. For analyzing data, a second-order factor analysis was used in quantitative section. The results, in quantitative section, show that ethical leadership load factors fitted with the themes of action, ability, foresight, character, and ethical knowledge with greater than 0.9 and it fitted with ethical attitude with higher than 0.8 at 0.001 and above the critical value. Discussion The results of this study showed that ethical leaders in Azad universities have ethical action, foresight, character, attitude, knowledge and ability. These individuals, while being an ethical strategist and diplomat, are observant, pragmatic, opportunist, listener, transformative, supportive, and capitalist. In addition, they must have values like conductivity, worldview, justice, law-order, value –oriented, benevolence. In large organizations such as Azad University, ethical leadership can be seen with having good attributes and correct values and being rich in terms of performance.
Philosophy of Education
mohammadreza alaam; bahareh biseda
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 253-274
Abstract
With the incidence of wars between Iran and Russia at Fath-Ali-Shah’s reign, and the frequent defeats of the Qajar’s army, the Iranian politicians, statesmen, and the elite. Had to face the questions concerning the causes of those defeats: tried hard to find answers to those qiestopms. Abbas ...
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With the incidence of wars between Iran and Russia at Fath-Ali-Shah’s reign, and the frequent defeats of the Qajar’s army, the Iranian politicians, statesmen, and the elite. Had to face the questions concerning the causes of those defeats: tried hard to find answers to those qiestopms. Abbas Mirza and his wise Chancellor, Ghaem Magham, were concerned with the situation more than others. Their efforts led to the decision of sending students to the West. Upon the failure of that action the next Iranian Chancellor, Amir Kabir, decided to take new measures. After deliberating about the causes of the defeats and evaluatiny the short comings that brought about those defeays, he decided to establish Dar- Alfonoon (a polytechnic college) in ehran. This was intended to replace the act of sending students to the West for studey. Amir had come to the conclusion that, compared to Europe, the reason for the failure and backwardness of Iran were due to the weakness of Iran in the field of military industry and other crafts.
M. Ghasemi; A.R. Mirzakhani; V. Farzad
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 225-244
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to study the effects of parent education on reading literacy performance of fourth grade students based on PIRLS 2006 data. After refining the data, the research sample totalled 4731 students studying in 4th grade in the elementary school who had participated in PIRLS ...
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The aim of the present research was to study the effects of parent education on reading literacy performance of fourth grade students based on PIRLS 2006 data. After refining the data, the research sample totalled 4731 students studying in 4th grade in the elementary school who had participated in PIRLS exam. The scales used in this study were taken from reading background questionnaires for parents’ educational level, number of books at home, early reading abilities, early learning abilities, and reading literacy total scores that were used to arrive at the structural equation modeling for studying direct and indirect effects and total effects of Parents’ educational level (exogenous variable) on number of books at home, early reading performance, early reading abilities variables (endogenous variables). After confirming the latent variables measurement models and fitting the structural complex model, results demonstrated that the model under examination had goodness of fit with data. Effects of Parents’ educational level on number of books at home and reading literacy variables were significant. In the total model all of the direct effects were significant, but the effects of parents’ educational level on early reading performance and early reading abilities variables were not significant. Effects of parents’ educational level on 'early reading ability' were positive. Effects of Parents’ educational level on 'reading literacy achievement' was significant and could predictive 25% percent of this variance, and 67% percent of the number of books at home. Effects of parents’ educational level on early reading performance were negative, and not significant. Effect of the Number of books at home on reading literacy performance and early reading abilities were positive and significant. Effects of this variable on early reading performance was positive but not significant. Effects of number of books at home on early reading performance was negative and significant. Effects of early reading performance on reading literacy performance and early reading activities were significant, although the effects of this variance on reading literacy performance were negative but significant.
GH Rahimidoost; D Norozi; H Fardanesh; M.H Amirtymori
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 243-268
Abstract
Scaffolding is a component of designing problem solving learning environment model. The present research aimed to study components of instructional scaffolding and formulate an effective instructional scaffolding model for computer-based and problem solving learning environment. Research method was mixed ...
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Scaffolding is a component of designing problem solving learning environment model. The present research aimed to study components of instructional scaffolding and formulate an effective instructional scaffolding model for computer-based and problem solving learning environment. Research method was mixed including qualitative content analysis and a survey. Deductive content analysis was used as a qualitative content analysis method. Survey questionnaire was validated by 5 educational sciences specialists and retest method was used to analysis reliability of the test. Sampling method for qualitative content analysis was targeted selection and for survey was simple random sampling method. Findings revealed that the metacognitive scaffolding must be used to support learner metacognitive skills; following effective metacognitive scaffolding strategies were found and explained. And motivational scaffolding must be used to support learner academic motivation; following effective motivational scaffolding strategies were found and explained. Also cognitive scaffolding must be used to support learner prior knowledge; following effective cognitive scaffolding strategies were found and explained. And also effective scaffolding strategies for problem solving learning environment were found and explain. Finally effective scaffolding framework and then a scaffolding model was proposed and by the end validated by 20 instructional technologies.
sayed ahmad pourmoosavi; Bijan Abdollahi; Abdolrahim Naveh Ebrahim; hossein Abbasian
Abstract
Introduction Education in the face of developments, in the field of communication and information, the issue of preserving the linguistic and cultural identity of ethnicities, and the emergence of theories such as pluralism, globalization and so on cannot act passively. Undoubtedly, monocultural education ...
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Introduction Education in the face of developments, in the field of communication and information, the issue of preserving the linguistic and cultural identity of ethnicities, and the emergence of theories such as pluralism, globalization and so on cannot act passively. Undoubtedly, monocultural education in a multicultural society will not work well. The need for a multicultural approach to education is that education must strengthen the areas of participation, emancipation from specific identity prejudices, good citizenship, thinking and rationality, new identity creation, socialization, development. Education justice and peaceful coexistence. An important step on the path to multicultural education is to transform school management. Method The present study was conducted using thematic analysis method. The statistical population consisted of written sources related to the subject in famous scientific databases and at the time of publication from 2000 to 2019, finally 50 cases were selected as sample. and experts in the field of educational sciences. Finally, 12 people were selected by purposeful method. Results The results led to the development of a conceptual model with three general components: multicultural school characteristics with 5 categories and 19 subcategories, school principal characteristics with 3 categories and 16 subcategories, and the role of stakeholders with 3 categories and 9 subcategories. Discussion Generally in multicultural schools, policies, strategies and Programs should be based on cultural pluralism. The processes of planning, organizing material and human resources, teaching and learning, staff empowerment, and monitoring and evaluation with a multicultural approach should be done. The school should be in full contact with the diverse social and cultural environment around it; the physical environment of the school should be influenced by the diverse culture of the individuals and individuals act and behave on the basis of justice, non-prejudice and mutual respect. The leader of a multicultural school must have a transcendental personality, free from racial prejudice, with interactive psychological traits, and ethics and collectivistic behavior. Also he must have multicultural professional competencies such as awareness of other cultures, multicultural specialist knowledge and multicultural life experience, and multicultural leadership skills such as intercultural communication skills, managing a diverse environment, managing change for pluralism, and managing cultural conflicts. . In multicultural school, stakeholders include teachers, students, parents and the community have roles such as: facilitating multicultural education; participating in school management; tackling inequality, racism and cultural domination; modifying social behavior; transforming cultural values of individuals and ethnic groups; encouraging students, especially minority groups; social and cultural participation; social responsibility and sharing of cultural experiences; supporting school principals; extracurricular social education; enrichment of leisure time.
M Pakseresht; A. Rostaminasab; M. Safaeimoghaddam
Abstract
The (Shiite) immaculate Imams, who have guided human beings toward belief in God, seeking his blessings and consent, are initiators of a special educational methodology, based on the monotheistic worldview derived from dinine revelations. What is certain is that once educationational problems have been ...
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The (Shiite) immaculate Imams, who have guided human beings toward belief in God, seeking his blessings and consent, are initiators of a special educational methodology, based on the monotheistic worldview derived from dinine revelations. What is certain is that once educationational problems have been pinned down, the most important activity is the adoption of an appropriate methodology. Coming to know the methodology used by the immaculate Imams (peace uopon them) and applysing it can potentionally lead human being toward salvation and nearness to God. So in this paper, attempt has been made to explore and explain the fundamentals of the Immaculate Immam’s educational methodology covering the following areas: the significance and necessity of methods in Islamic education context as employed by the immaculate Imams; how such methods have been developed and criteria for recognizing them; the characteristics of educational methodology; the worth and value of methods in education; types concerning this special type of methodology is made and a number of suggestions are offered.
Masoud Safaei moghaddam
Abstract
education (RE). It has been said that for RE to be accepted as a reasonable subject matter it should be researchable. But for a subject to be researchable, or research based, it needs to be supported by reason, a kind of reason that have a public and universal character. On the other hand we need a conception ...
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education (RE). It has been said that for RE to be accepted as a reasonable subject matter it should be researchable. But for a subject to be researchable, or research based, it needs to be supported by reason, a kind of reason that have a public and universal character. On the other hand we need a conception of religion being capable of giving this conception of reason, and adapting itself with its teachings. I have argued that the Shiite idea of innatism is a good base for providing a theory of reason upon which reason, while having an important role in human life, and an intrinsic connection with religion, has some limitations that can only be compensated by appealing to divine aspect of life and the path of God, namely religion. To show that the Shiite innatist conception of reason can be a good starting point I have argued that, this concept of reason comes from the Shiite belief that humans have a shared nature upon which they have the same emotional and cognitive view. So I have discussed the place and the weight of reason in Islam and Shiism, the idea of innatism, the innatist conception of reason, and connecting reason and religion by suggesting the innate human nature as the same root for both of them. By suggesting the same divine nature for reason and religious belief, I argued that rational principles are at the same time the divine rules for having the best sort of life. That is reason and religion have the shared tasks for following the intrinsic virtues. So we can conclude that a true religious belief, which is supported by reason, as Shiite belief seems to be, can be a reasonable base for making a religious education system. In this work I have referred mostly to Allamah Tabatabaei and Morteza Mutahhari, as the most influential contemporary Shiite scholars, to explain the Shiite's belief as to the nature of reason and religion.
S.M. Sajjadi; A Imanzade
Abstract
Deleuze (1925-1995) a poststructuralist and postmodernist philosopher has borrowed the notion of the rhizome from biology. As a symbol for unlimited growth through the multitude of its own transformations, rhizome is contrasted with a tree, as a linear and sequential, arborescent growths. Rhizomatic ...
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Deleuze (1925-1995) a poststructuralist and postmodernist philosopher has borrowed the notion of the rhizome from biology. As a symbol for unlimited growth through the multitude of its own transformations, rhizome is contrasted with a tree, as a linear and sequential, arborescent growths. Rhizomatic space with emphasis on becoming, nomadism, folding deteritorization, reteritorization and principles of connection and heterogeneity, multiplicity, asignfying rupture, cartography and decalcomania, decenteralization, anti- Dualism, anti-represetationalism presents troubles for the religious education especially in the domain of fundamentalist religious societies. Rhizomatic space challenges representation, hierarchical lines and discipline on which religious education is based. In fact, the present article involves an attempt to study problems and challenges of rhizomatic space for religious education processes.
S.A.R. Alavi; A. Shariatmadari
Abstract
In this article, the educational viewpoints of J. J. Rousseau concerning the goals, principles and methods of eduation have been extracted from their relevant sources, and compared and contrasted with Islamic educational thoughts, which in turn have been extracted from Islamic texts. The results of this ...
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In this article, the educational viewpoints of J. J. Rousseau concerning the goals, principles and methods of eduation have been extracted from their relevant sources, and compared and contrasted with Islamic educational thoughts, which in turn have been extracted from Islamic texts. The results of this research show some notable similarities and differences between Rousseau’s educational ideas and Islamic educational thoughts.
masoud safaeimoghadam; A.r. Rashidi; M.J. Pakseresht
Abstract
Ascertaining the status of reason and rationality is one of the basic concerns of philosophy of education. In this exposition an effort will be made to, based on the Islamic teaching, investigate the situation of reason in an Islamic system of education. For this purpose, to begin with an analysis into ...
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Ascertaining the status of reason and rationality is one of the basic concerns of philosophy of education. In this exposition an effort will be made to, based on the Islamic teaching, investigate the situation of reason in an Islamic system of education. For this purpose, to begin with an analysis into the meaning, both lexical and topical, of the term reason (Aql) is made and the significance of reason and rationality in the Islamic literary tradition is touched upon; then, bearing the Islamic origins and domain of rationality in mind, the various dimensions of rationality are explored and explained and a number of important questions regarding reason, particularly concerning its potentials and limitations, its individual and social essence, and its relationships with sensation and emotions, on the one hand, and with action and particularly ethical actions, on the other, are explored. In the end, laying some emphasis on the fundamental characteristics of reason, gathered from the above –mentioned questions, a number of educational implications in areas of methodology and curriculum are drawn.
Y. Mehralizadeh; H. Sepacy; F. Atashfeshan
Abstract
School- Based Management (SBM), rooted in the theoretical idea of participation, decentralization, authority delegation, and competition, believes that all school teachers, pupils, families and other stakeholders in the school should be involved in the process of school decision making. Bearing this ...
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School- Based Management (SBM), rooted in the theoretical idea of participation, decentralization, authority delegation, and competition, believes that all school teachers, pupils, families and other stakeholders in the school should be involved in the process of school decision making. Bearing this in mind, with help of Lawler’ (1992) theory and other researchers’ views, the problem of SBM was addressed. The main aims of this study were to recognize major barriers of SBM in Iran, particularly in public secondary schools of Ahvaz. The main questions were: 1) How much do teachers, principals and LEA authorities know about SBM’ 2) How much teachers, principals and LEA authorities are agreed about SBM? 3) To what extent is application of SBM necessary? 4) To what extent SBM is feasible in Ahvaz secondary schools? 5) What are the barriers and difficulties facing SBM? 6) What are the weaknesses and strengths of SBM? By using a questionnaire and holding interviews data were collected from secondary schools. On a 1-5 Likert- type scale the respondents’ mean scores were as follows: a) Knowledge about SBM, 3.09; b) agreement among respondents concerning decentralization and SBM, 3.49; c) importance of the application of SBM, 3.51; d) feasibility of application of the present SBM model, 2.51. Five factors were discovered to be the main barriers of SBM implementations, i.e: 1) political and power factor with an average of 3.80 (out of 5); 2) Structural and facilities factor, (3.79); 3) principals’ and teachers’ knowledge and information factor (3.72); 4) socio- cultural factor (3.52); and 5) management factor (3.24). It is concluded that the SBM scheme has not been developed in a suitable way and requires to be reconsidered by education policy makers. Suggestions are made toward smoothing the implementation of SBM in Ahvaz.
H. Sepasi; Y.A. Attari
Abstract
The purpose of this study was first to measure the psychometric characteristics of Shahid Chamran University faculty members’ final test papers. The investigation of different test formats and different procedures used by faculty members to evaluate their students final academic performances also ...
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The purpose of this study was first to measure the psychometric characteristics of Shahid Chamran University faculty members’ final test papers. The investigation of different test formats and different procedures used by faculty members to evaluate their students final academic performances also served as a second purpose of this study. A total of 109 faculty members from different academic disciplines voluntarily participated in this study. Each test item on exam papers was analyzed individually and its item difficulty, item discrimination and index of reliability were computed. The results of the completed analysis of test items were confidentially sent to the faculty members. The findings of the study showed that faculty members differ in the test format they use to evaluate their students academic performances. By comparing the psychometric characteristics of the test items with the known criterions, it was found that the differences between faculty members were significant. In addition, the analysis of item diffculty of the test papers showed that the students did not have a hard time answering the test items which means that the test items were relatively easy. It is therefore suggested that the university provide a testing center in which the faculty members would be able to learn how to construct standardized tests and improve their understanding in calculating the psychometric characteristics of their test scores.
P. Valavi; M. Safaei Moghaddam; M. J. Pakseresht
Abstract
The objective of this article was to investigate utilitarianism with respect to its implications for moral education. Utilitarianism is one of the two teleological theories, which, in contrast to egoism, puts great importance on people’s happiness, and which, despite deontology, lays great emphasis ...
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The objective of this article was to investigate utilitarianism with respect to its implications for moral education. Utilitarianism is one of the two teleological theories, which, in contrast to egoism, puts great importance on people’s happiness, and which, despite deontology, lays great emphasis on common good. Based on utilitarianism, right rules and acts are those which promote highest common good and provide for the pleasure and happiness of the greatest number of individuals. This school, like certain others, believes in final goals for mankind. This goal involves human happiness whose realization requires the promotion of certain ethical dispositions such as considering other people’s rights, altruism, devotion, truthfulness, and righteousness in individuals. Utilitarianism implies a number of educational principles including the social nature of human- being, democracy, responsibility, justice, equality and individual freedom, whose promotion by the school may guarantee social happiness.
