S.J. Hashemi; M.J. Pakseresht; M. Safaei Moghadam; H. Sepasi; Y. Mehralizadeh
Volume 17, Issue 1 , May 2010, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
In the “Decade of culture of peace” (2001-2010), international thinker and institutions have with a positive outlook, deemed access to coexistence the duty of different social groups and institutions and introduced coexistence as a legitimate educational goal as a way ...
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In the “Decade of culture of peace” (2001-2010), international thinker and institutions have with a positive outlook, deemed access to coexistence the duty of different social groups and institutions and introduced coexistence as a legitimate educational goal as a way to boost social cohesion. In this article peaceful coexistence is construed as an educational goal with roots in scientific/ philosophical, pragmatic and Islamic ideas. In this article a more comprehensive idea of coexistence, i.e. peaceful and just coexistence, is advocated, which is more compatible with our country’s educational system and Islamic culture. Conceptually, the ramifications of this goal constitute an educational continuum of activities covering training and education toward, as first step, a minimal peaceful and just coexistence, moving toward developing a just compromise among groups. a second step, maximal peaceful and just coexistence and balanced society in the third and fourth stages, respectively. In all the four stages, emphasis is laid on change, reform and shaping the socio-psychological repertoire of individuals and groups and education them to accept the existence of other groups and their rights. These activites are hoped to pave the way for a permanent peaceful and just (i.e. free and unimposed) socio-cultural coexistence. At the training stage, internalization of valses and the development of social skills and behaviors should receive the most attention on the part of both curriculum developers and practitioner.
Philosophy of Education
Hamid Ahmadi Hedayat; Mohsen Farmahini Farahani; Saeed Zarghami
Abstract
Introduction: The main purpose of current research is to explain the post-phenomenology in training and learning, with emphasis on the concepts of multistability and transparency. Phenomenology has faced different perspectives over time and Ihde in his later prespective has presented a new look at post-phenomenology ...
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Introduction: The main purpose of current research is to explain the post-phenomenology in training and learning, with emphasis on the concepts of multistability and transparency. Phenomenology has faced different perspectives over time and Ihde in his later prespective has presented a new look at post-phenomenology and has emphasized on the components of phenomenology. In his view, Phenomenology deals with the relationship among man, world and technology. The Post-phenomenology studies examine the relation of users with humans and technology, and this, according to Ihde, is a way of doing phenomenology rather than discussing it, and thus he introduces technological case studies. Method: To achieve this goal, conceptual analysis and inductive methods have been used. The method of answering the first question (what explanation of the post-phenomenology in technological studies can be presented?) is a kind of Conceptual analysis method called "concept interpretation" that seeks to provide an explicit explanation of the meaning of a concept by explicitly explaining the relation of this concept to other concepts and also describing that concept in terms of actions and human perceptions. In answering the second question, (the implications of post-phenomenology with emphasis on the concepts of multiplicity and transparency in teaching and learning), it is tried to use the inference method. "In this method, it is assumed that any philosophical system, can entail an educational theory, therefore, it provides necessities and prescriptions for proper adjustment of educational environments. Results: This approach can be useful if we want to deeply study how the experience and perception transformation of teachers and students in using educational technologies. Post-phenomenology has “different flavors” for all of the scholars who enter this field. Hence, the path to other researches in the field of modern educational technologies and philosophical scrutiny is open with this approach, and scholars can achieve valuable results with the help of developed concepts in this philosophical approach. Discussion: Many concepts have been formed in the field of post-phenomenology, in which the emphasis is on two major concepts of "multistability" and "transparency" and its implications for training and learning. In this regard, the most important implications of the concept of multistability can be the development of the correct technological habits, limiting the students to the prevalent use of technology, very short rest periods, and the implications of transparency for the enhancement of skills in the use of technology, repeat and practice for normalization, and use of automated training technologies.
Davoud Hoseinpour Sabagh; Mohammad Reza Sharafi; Jamileh Alamolhoda; Hosein Souzanchi
Abstract
Introduction the term "values education" applies to all aspects of the process of education, which either explicitly or implicitly relate to ethical and axiological dimensions of life and are such that can be structured, guided, And monitored with appropriate educational methods and tools. But in ...
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Introduction the term "values education" applies to all aspects of the process of education, which either explicitly or implicitly relate to ethical and axiological dimensions of life and are such that can be structured, guided, And monitored with appropriate educational methods and tools. But in general education and values education in particular is faced with the challenge of time and space. But education in general and values education in particular is faced with the challenge of locality. Therefore the situation is a vital concept for educational theories, and the success of value education depends on the proper perception of situation. In this research, three important and influential contemporary approaches in value education that have shown particular attention to the situation have been selected and their perception of the situation has been analyzed. Method This is based on the "linguistic and conceptual analysis" method in the technical and formal language. Results In contrast to the authoritarian approaches, attention to the situation is commen in the various values of education. Triple approaches, in spite of their commonalities, consider a different domain for situation: In the Dewey's approach all of the "ends", "the implementation of the principle" and "behavior" are situational. In the NeoAristotlelians approach just "the implementation of the principle" and "behavior" are situational. And in the anti-Aristotelian approach only the "behavior" is sitational. Discussion "The situation as a whole" in the Dewey's pragmatism approach; "Situation as the conditions of action", in the NeoAristotlelians approach, and "Situation as the stimuli of the environment" in the anti-Aristotelian approach, have been recognized. In analyzing the concept of position in these three approaches, attention to surrounding concepts is very effective in determining its semantic distinctions; the concept of Situation in Dewey's pragmatism must be understood in relation to the surrounding concepts of "experience", "desire", "environment" and "organism". On the other hand, the concept of the sitution in Neo-Aristotelianism is related to the peripheries concepts such as "action", "reasoning", "virtue" and "personality".and finally In the anti-Aristotelian approach, the concept of siyuation is related to the peripheral concepts such as "environment", "behavior", "experiential adequacy" and the same time is in contrast the concept of "person". Key Words: Situation, Pragmatism, Neo-Aristotelianism, Anti-Aristotelianism
Mostafa Ghaderi
Abstract
The present research compared the contents of primary school science textbooks of Iran with those of the United state of America (Science Anytime). Content analysis was used as method of research. Furthermore, the following were used as the indicators of analysis:
A: Taxonomy of education objectives: ...
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The present research compared the contents of primary school science textbooks of Iran with those of the United state of America (Science Anytime). Content analysis was used as method of research. Furthermore, the following were used as the indicators of analysis:
A: Taxonomy of education objectives: Cognitive domain.
B: Mental functions dimension in Guilford’s structure of intellect.
C: Taxonomy of education objectives by Merrill.
The research findings indicate that the basic differences between school textbooks of the two systems lie in the questions and homework. That means the bulk and variation of scientific activities presented in the Science Anytime text books are more than those in the Iranian texts. Moreover, In Science Anytime textbooks, facts, concepts, procedures and principles are presented in a balanced way. Therefore, it is recommended that in Iranian science textbooks should be compiled in such a way to pave the way for the involvement of students in scientific activities. Moreover Science Anytime textbooks are more applicable than Iranian science textbooks.
mahmood mehrmohammadi; edris islami
Volume 19, Issue 1 , September 2012, , Pages 5-22
Abstract
This paper intends to review and criticize the national curriculum document 3rd edition of the I.R. of Iran relying on Robertson’s glocalization idea. By using conceptual analysis, analytical and descriptive– critical methods, issues are presented in three parts. First, Robertson’s ...
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This paper intends to review and criticize the national curriculum document 3rd edition of the I.R. of Iran relying on Robertson’s glocalization idea. By using conceptual analysis, analytical and descriptive– critical methods, issues are presented in three parts. First, Robertson’s globalization theory is introduced. Then after pointing out the weaknesses and limitations at this theory, Robinson's more comprehensive theory of glocalization is discussed. Finally, relying on the idea of glocalization that addresses both global and local affairs, an ideal model of national curriculum document is developed. On the basis of this model, the national curriculum document 3rd edition of the I.R. of Iran is reviewed. The findings indicate that based on the revised model the document to be expected to provide learning opportunities for learners in accordance with the Islamic and native standards. Thus, the spirit or logic governing the document facilitates return own most roots avoidance of alienation, and revitalization of Islamic value. Moreover, the popular and false notion about globalization and identity could cause this program to orientate toward local and particularism and to deviate from glocal ideal model.
M Ali; B Shabani Varaki; T Javidi kalateabadi; M.R Ahanchian
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2013, , Pages 5-28
Abstract
Children in the course of the history of education have been consistently controlled and disciplined by different methods and policies, and from different perspectives. Those methods that are being presently applied as the new disciplinary methods in schools are proclaimed to be the new methods of children ...
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Children in the course of the history of education have been consistently controlled and disciplined by different methods and policies, and from different perspectives. Those methods that are being presently applied as the new disciplinary methods in schools are proclaimed to be the new methods of children obedience in systems of education by Michelle Foucault and his followers, namely Rose, Marshall, Radford; and Millie. This article is an effort to demonstrate how disciplinary methods that are aimed at training efficient and useful individuals for the society by educational systems can lead to obedience and subordination of individuals. To this end, explaining this criticism oriented view on disciplinary actions regimes in the educational system, the present article studies the relation between power and science in the evolution of human understanding of disciplinary action. It has been pointed out that in the history of evolution of disciplinary approaches (intervention, interactive and non- intervention) in the science of education- the political, economic and social discourses of liberalism- educational systems have turned into a factor for self-obedience of children
Y. Adib
Volume 17, Issue 2 , August 2010, , Pages 5-36
Abstract
In recent years, education for the skills due to its role and significance in promoting adaptive and positive behavior and the past its may play in preparing individuals to face life challenges, has received due attention by educational systems. Developing a curriculum based ...
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In recent years, education for the skills due to its role and significance in promoting adaptive and positive behavior and the past its may play in preparing individuals to face life challenges, has received due attention by educational systems. Developing a curriculum based on a model commensurate white students needs may facilitate the requisition of the goals of education for life skills. In this article an optimal model of a curriculum for teaching life skills to elementary schools will be proposed. The methodology employed is a combination of survey analytical inferential method. For identifying educational needs of the objects via a survey method, the optimal model is developed through the use of analytical inferential method. The validity of the approach was confirmed by expects. The findings of the study indicate that the proposed optimal model should: 1) be integrate small from the point of view of content and streamline; 2) reflect everyday needs of student in term of goals; 3) be based on social interaction with regard to methodology of instruction and the development of personality traits; and 4) involve both quantitative and qualitative methods in evaluation.
M.H. Alikhani; R. Raei
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 5-24
Abstract
This study was an attempt at documenting the hidden curriculum of the text book “Religion and life” for the 3rd grade of high school and presenting suggestions for improving the religious education of the students in Esfahan. The research methodology was qualitative and the statistical population ...
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This study was an attempt at documenting the hidden curriculum of the text book “Religion and life” for the 3rd grade of high school and presenting suggestions for improving the religious education of the students in Esfahan. The research methodology was qualitative and the statistical population included the students of the 6 different districts of educational organization. Subjects were selected by special sampling method. First, 312 students were chosen in the 1st stage to respond to the questionnaire. Then, 64 people were selected for semi-organized interviews. The validity and reliability of the instruments and analyzing methods of information were implemented in accordance with the qualitative research techniques. The research revealed some hidden Consequences such as, contradictions between the content of the book and the present problems of the community; lack of positive attitudes toward the book as an instructing reference with Islamic values; the existence of negative attitudes regarding the applications of the book contents in real life; provision of ambiguities in beliefs especially in Islamic government issues; and developing the ideology for imitative selections instead of investigative selections. It also presented some strategies for improving religious education of students. The most important suggestions for improving religious education of the students are: Avoiding ideological thoughts; presenting religious teachings appropriate with modern findings in religion; measuring attitudes and the students’ performance instead of evaluating their knowledge.
M. Pourkarimi Havoshki; H. Hasani; M. Yaridehnavi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 5-22
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explain the essence and the quality of artistic education from the perspective of Roy Baskar's critical realism integrated approach. To this end, the following two questions were investigated: 1) what is the integrated approach to art? 2) How artistic education can be implemented ...
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The aim of this study was to explain the essence and the quality of artistic education from the perspective of Roy Baskar's critical realism integrated approach. To this end, the following two questions were investigated: 1) what is the integrated approach to art? 2) How artistic education can be implemented from the integrated perspective? These questions were answered through analytical and inferential method. Regarding the first research question, the results of the study indicated that the integrated approach to art according to Baskar's approach means field and interdisciplinary applications. That is, designing the course along the lines of the art's approach to goals, rules and principles, and the applications which indicate the relationship between art course and other disciplines, fields and different life dimensions. Therefore, art course should pay attention to the inherent features of art, the rules for creating a work of art, and the instruction of individual, moral, religious, and social applications of art. Regarding the second research question, the findings suggested that it is necessary to reinvestigate the main components of education such as the teacher, the student, materials, and the methods of evaluation according to the integrated approach. The teacher should be familiar with art philosophy, art applications, and the rules for creating a work of art. The student should be encouraged to create a work of art based on the rules and principles of art. The content should be centered on the fundamental, mediatory, and subsidiary levels. And, the evaluation should be based on the mastery of these levels by students.
Y Mehralizadeh; o mehni; h Elhampour
Volume 21, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 5-20
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Board of trustees oriented schools (Heyat omana). Due to the characteristics and conditions of schools, to achieve the objective the Grounded theory was used. To collect the required data using a snowball sampling of 15 schools selected beneficiary ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Board of trustees oriented schools (Heyat omana). Due to the characteristics and conditions of schools, to achieve the objective the Grounded theory was used. To collect the required data using a snowball sampling of 15 schools selected beneficiary groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with these individuals. The information gathered in the interviews, based on the Grounded theory, the Foundation has three stages of coding (open, axial and selective) to open the 254, 68 and 19 categories of data were extracted. The categories below are the major components of the final Grounded Theory (condition, peripheral, intermediate, central, strategic and outcome) were formed and eventually the final research model
Hatam Faraji Dehsorkhi; Hamidreza Arasteh; R Bghdadchi
Abstract
The present paper aims to investigate thedifferences and similarities of the PhDadmissions systems in Iran and the leading universities in terms of objectives,desired qualities as well as entry requirements. In doing so,descriptive-comparative method was applied. Consulting with the ShanghaiRanking, ...
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The present paper aims to investigate thedifferences and similarities of the PhDadmissions systems in Iran and the leading universities in terms of objectives,desired qualities as well as entry requirements. In doing so,descriptive-comparative method was applied. Consulting with the ShanghaiRanking, the graduate admissions systems of the top three universities, i.e.Harvard University, Stanford University, and the University of Cambridge alongwith the Iranian PhD admission system were examined. To gather data,documentations and universities’ websites were examined. In addition, wecorresponded with the graduate admission office of each university. Beredy’smethod or framework was used to analyze data. Findings show: All graduateadmissions systems look for highly qualified applicants. Additionally, the IranianPhD system pursues other objectives as well. With regard to desired qualities,all graduate admissions systems look for a wide range of academic andnon-academic qualities in the applicants. The Iranian PhD admissions system,however, seems to take less account of non-cognitive qualities. With regard toentry requirements, all graduate admissions systems utilize a variety ofmeasurements to screen out applicants, but the entry requirements used in theIranian PhD admissions system are flawed in terms of reliability, validity andrelevance. Finally, some implications are offered.
Educational Management
Abstract
This paper focuses on one of the basic components of supervisiory needs of begining teachers about partners. The aim of this study was the "assessing needs of novice teachers about parents at primary schools in Tehran". In this study an exploratory mixed method was applied to assess the needs of novice ...
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This paper focuses on one of the basic components of supervisiory needs of begining teachers about partners. The aim of this study was the "assessing needs of novice teachers about parents at primary schools in Tehran". In this study an exploratory mixed method was applied to assess the needs of novice teachers. At qualitative stage, using purposeful sampling and semi-structured interview, 20 interviews with experts in education were conducted. A questionnaire was developed based on 16 indicators identified in interviews and in relevant literature. The questionnaire included 13 questions that asked for the respondents' views. Using "Available Sampling" method, 447 questionnaires were distributed to the teachers – 97 via e-mail and 350 by the researcher’s direct contact. 371 questionnaires were collected. The finding identified main important need and prospect of novice teachers to be lack of parents' follow-up and care of their children. Additionally, teachers expect parents not to interfere in their work. The findings agree with other reliable studies in related areas.
Philosophy of Education
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study elitism in education. The main ground of manifestation of elitism, and the effects that theoreticians of elitism may have on this process were studied. Moreover, the bad effects of elitism on education was considered. The research was accomplished using an analytical ...
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The aim of this paper was to study elitism in education. The main ground of manifestation of elitism, and the effects that theoreticians of elitism may have on this process were studied. Moreover, the bad effects of elitism on education was considered. The research was accomplished using an analytical method in two parts: at first, dealing with effects of the elitism in higher education with an emphasis on virtue based education, developing particular schools, and presenting totally different teachings for nurturing leaders and followers. In second part, we have tried to analyze the injures of education raised from elitism. Based on the research findings, some of the injures are marketized education, spreading of inequality in education, and decreasing in considering the Humanities and art.
Curriculum Development
najmeh soltani nejad; mahboobeh arefi; Nematollah Moosapour; kourosh fathivajargah
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the teaching approach of an elementary school teacher focusing on the role of educational theories. Narrative inquiry was selected as the research methodology. As narrative inquiry focuses on the life of one or a few individual, this research focused on a single elementary ...
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The aim of this study was to explore the teaching approach of an elementary school teacher focusing on the role of educational theories. Narrative inquiry was selected as the research methodology. As narrative inquiry focuses on the life of one or a few individual, this research focused on a single elementary school teacher as participant. In order to analyze the data obtained from narrative and semi-structured interviews, narrative analysis and analysis of narratives were used. In order to ascertain the validity of the research findings, member-check and triangulation methods were used. Straus and Corbin paradigmatic model was used as a technique for analysis of narratives. Findings revealed that the core category determining this teacher’s teaching approach was her beliefs formed under the influence of background experiences and teacher education courses. In the final analysis the strategy of the teacher involves selecting academic theories providing a background for this teacher to according to practical wisdom in the classroom. So the findings indicate that although different factors other than educational theories affect teacher’s approach, theories play a critical influence on teacher’s activity. So, the rigorous design of teacher education curriculum can help teachers perform informed action in classroom.
Philosophy of Education
shahdad abdollahikhanghah; Yahya Ghaedi; saeed zarghami; ramazan barkhordari
Abstract
Introduction According to deconstructive genealogical hypotheses, the transformation of concepts is not only not the result of development of science in fields of knowledge such as psychology and social science, but also indicates that such an developments are the result of historical and common events ...
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Introduction According to deconstructive genealogical hypotheses, the transformation of concepts is not only not the result of development of science in fields of knowledge such as psychology and social science, but also indicates that such an developments are the result of historical and common events occurring in the course of transformation. On the basis of this presupposition, the main aim of this study is to explain events, developments and processes that form the concept of elite student and deconstruct the concept in order to explain the marginalized possibilities in students’ life in educational system the contemporary of Iran. Method The method in this research is genealogy. In genealogy, the objective is to discern how a problem or a fact came about in history. Results Finally, in both Shahab and sampad plans, background factors and power relations play a role in the evolution of the concepts. Discussion That indicated the most important discursive formations in this period of time are Shahab and Sampad plans in the contemporary Iran. The first impression that the analysis of genealogy of an elite student gives us is the macro layers that fill the gaps between two formations. The most important factor is the deconstruction of “intelligence” and addition of the sociological concepts to elite students’ training. To this effect a diversity can be noted in social arenas and different dimensions of giftedness in its current formation i.e. Shahab plan. Although more important matter in accordance to genealogy is the analysis of genealogy based matters on non-discursive factors, which indicates that the revolution is not only not the result of development of science in fields of knowledge such as psychology and social science, but also indicates that such an improvement is the result of historical and common events which have occurred in the middle of the path of improvement. Some significant and obvious events which can be mentioned here are brain drain, economic crisis in Iran, change of economic concepts, the inappropriate population density of special instructions for elite students and the reduction of the population of students. Key words: Elite students, genealogy, the contemporary educational system of Iran, non-discursive factors, discursive formation
Educational Management
leila bahmaee
Abstract
Social reconstruction advocates from the attitude which encourages the people for the reconstruction of the cultural thoughts and values and the social structure in order to solve the social problems with the aim of constructing a better life.Reconstructionist considers the schools as a means for this ...
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Social reconstruction advocates from the attitude which encourages the people for the reconstruction of the cultural thoughts and values and the social structure in order to solve the social problems with the aim of constructing a better life.Reconstructionist considers the schools as a means for this purpose. They believe that the schools are not only the responsible for the preservation and transmission of the culture but they can create the new social and cultural patterns which incorporate the new and old patterns in a successful combination through the curricula and thereby help the social reconstruction. This research which is carried out by the documentary- analytical method tries to respond to these questions: firstly, what analyses have the reconstructionist in respect to school competency to address the reconstruction and to do this, what programs and constituents they offer? Secondly,in current state of our society,how is the necessity and possibility in using this theory?The results show that the existing educational and social problems in Iran require a redefinition of schools role by using some of the reconstructionist components and, the curricula should be developed and performed such that they can provide the opportunity for cultural changes and ability for problem solving in them by approaching to the realities of social life and providing an opportunity for critical thought in the students.They should also provide a condition for structural changes with the purpose of improvement and reconstruction in the schools and society. Keywords:Social reconstruction,Structural and cultural changes,School, Critical thought and Iran’s educational system
Zabihullah Khanjarkhany; Masoud Safaei Moghaddam; M.J. Pakseresht; S.M. Maradhi; A. Boostani
Abstract
This study aims at rethinking about the meaning and concept of "attendance and absence" in the field of education, on the one hand, and at illuminating its role and stance to meet the educational goals, on the other hand. In the common perception of attendance-absence concept, its meaning and role have ...
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This study aims at rethinking about the meaning and concept of "attendance and absence" in the field of education, on the one hand, and at illuminating its role and stance to meet the educational goals, on the other hand. In the common perception of attendance-absence concept, its meaning and role have been restricted to a certain place, and a certain time, and certain, individuals. Relying on Hans-Georg Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, the author tries to offer a new account of this concept. Philosophical hermeneutics speaks about the ontological understanding and its constituents and considers necessary a set of elements for reaching such understanding; fusion of horizons, play of understanding, and being non-systematic are three items of the mentioned elements. "Fusion of horizons" refers to the conversation between ideas,; "play of understanding" implies the pervasive involvement of someone in the game (activity); "being non-systematic" is to exceed the usual and quantitative methods. In this approach, conversation is felt through all mentioned elements; the conversation which is manifested sometimes through two ideas, sometimes between rules and their executive (human being) and sometimes through conversation between past and presence. According to the philosophical hermeneutics, whenever one of the mentioned parties is removed, then no more conversation and hence understanding is possible. Accordingly, in the new account, "absence" can be considered in several forms: absence of ideas; Physical absence; lack or absence of principle , absence of executive. Any failure to include each one of these forms may result in a certain type of education.
Philosophy of Education
Marzieh Aali
Abstract
Abstract This article reviews the history of education in the field of search and conditions of formation of modern educational processes is based on relationships power - knowledge at the thought of Michel Foucault. Therefore, in this study, in the first step, cultural and social development of modern ...
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Abstract This article reviews the history of education in the field of search and conditions of formation of modern educational processes is based on relationships power - knowledge at the thought of Michel Foucault. Therefore, in this study, in the first step, cultural and social development of modern education in Iran is based on documents and evidence has been criticized, and in the second step, removed teaching practices and traditional knowledge in the modern education system is described. The first step is the result of research has shown that the process of modernization, through factors such as uniform, monitoring and panoptic structure between traditional education and indigenous traditions and Islamic values and has caused a lot of educational process has been removed and then in step two the research results showed that the underlying structures of modern Iranian educational system, such as Religion, diversification of educational content and avoid the construction of separate of age groups and content, change in attitude towards evaluation and change the order of evaluation approaches to the individual and the skill, to change the school and the terms of debate architecture, issues that should be revived.
A Rostaminasab
Volume 18, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 7-22
Abstract
In the second half of the fourth century Hejira, a group of Muslim philosophers, most of whom Iranian, formed a secret circle Basra known as "EKHVAN- UL– SAFA". M Basra They aimed to purge the religion from falsehood and superstitions with the help of philosophy. This group intended to reach objectives ...
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In the second half of the fourth century Hejira, a group of Muslim philosophers, most of whom Iranian, formed a secret circle Basra known as "EKHVAN- UL– SAFA". M Basra They aimed to purge the religion from falsehood and superstitions with the help of philosophy. This group intended to reach objectives like: knowing God, discovering the secrets of universe and unity of universe. In order to fulfill this objective they attempted to train the youth and also designed an educational plan. Based on this idea they composed fifty one educational treatises in fifty areas of knowledge such as logic and mathematics, natural sciences, comparative and theological issues, and metaphysical problems etc and tried to train teachers in different territories. In this article the structure of the educational philosophy of this circle will be examined. It will be demonstrated that the educational ideas of this circle (or society) involve views that have received attention by philosophers and educators only since the dawn of the 26th century. Acquaintance of the ideas of these scholars could prove beneficial toward the reform of current education. Of course these views suffer from certain flaws which have been discussed.
K Bagheri
Volume 19, Issue 2 , February 2013, , Pages 7-22
Abstract
In our time, knowledge and university have developed so deeply that the traditional borders among theoretical and practical reason, and technology have been overridden and a very complicated relationship has emerged among the three realms. What is called ‘marketization of knowledge’ or ‘commercialization ...
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In our time, knowledge and university have developed so deeply that the traditional borders among theoretical and practical reason, and technology have been overridden and a very complicated relationship has emerged among the three realms. What is called ‘marketization of knowledge’ or ‘commercialization of knowledge’ is going to become a criterion for the evaluation of all human faculties including both theoretical and practical reason, creativity, and their outcomes. The phenomenon of commercialization of knowledge needs to be reflected upon since it is going to turn into the unique game that urges all universities throughout the world to follow its rules. Our society and its universities are no exceptions to this effect. Nevertheless, the challenges raised against the idea of commercialization of knowledge are valuable and need to be reflected upon. The appeal to the sublime in a postmodern interpretation which Lyotard (1982) is looking for, or taking refuge in practical reason and justice that Readings (1996) suggests or the university of beauty that Bearn (2000) talks of are all alarms echoing the rapid process of commercialization of knowledge and university. There is, however, a capacity in our society for challenging this idea and that is the longstanding tradition of truth-seeking knowledge and research which considers the essence of knowledge as truth and never reduces it to profit and workability. However, the interrogation of this tradition has not yet been undertaken seriously and this essay is an attempt to make this observable. The method used in this essay is concept analysis.
H. Tabrizi; M. Safaie moghaddam; S.M. Marashi
Volume 18, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 7-30
Abstract
In this study we argue that establishing fostering department in Iranian education system has been, and indeed is expected to be, based upon some philosophical presuppositions that work as foundations for decision making in this filed. we have tried to evaluate this department by discovering and examining ...
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In this study we argue that establishing fostering department in Iranian education system has been, and indeed is expected to be, based upon some philosophical presuppositions that work as foundations for decision making in this filed. we have tried to evaluate this department by discovering and examining its philosophical foundations. Two of these presupposition based on which we assessed the idea of establishing this department in education, that focuses its efforts on spiritual affairs, are as follows. 1- there is an unbridgeable gap between knowledge and value, and this is the reason why we need to establish two different sectors or departments in education system, one for educational affairs and the second for spiritual affairs. 2- the main factors responsible for actions, namely knowledge, want and the will, are different in their nature. So there is a need to make different sectors for these different factors to be developed. As we have argued, the first one has been rejected, and the second can only partly be right. After all, we have shown that since knowledge and value, on the one hand, and knowledge, want and will, on the other hand, are sides of one entity, there can not be a real distance and distinction between educational and fostering or spiritual affairs in education system.
S.M. Sajadi; S.E. Hoseini
Volume 17, 3,4 , February 2011, , Pages 7-238
Abstract
This Article was developed for the purpose to exploration of Foucault’s anthropology and epistemology and to critic of it s implications for limits of duties and authorities of practitioners of schooling. In purpose to responding ...
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This Article was developed for the purpose to exploration of Foucault’s anthropology and epistemology and to critic of it s implications for limits of duties and authorities of practitioners of schooling. In purpose to responding this questions used inferential analytic and for gathering information the librarian method was used. The results made it clear that based on anthropology and epistemology of Foucault’s theory the following implications deducible. The aim of education is not discovering of meaning but it is “self creation. Education does not have fixed global foundations because the truth is temporal and plural. So the fixed and same methods are not acceptable. Based on Foucault’s pluralism, all cultures are placed in the center of attention of educational system. Foucault’s educational theory is antiauthoritarian so the interests of the member of community are paid attentions much as possible. Education should be critical. For this purpose teacher's statements or the texts are not considered as a holly issue. In education attention to “others” has basic rule. It means that teacher can inform the students from others cultures. Education is based on discourse. So to critique for the educational discourse we should discover hidden or events and bring them back in to the discourse. We should doubt in the intentions of truth. It means we should don’t think that education always try to obtain or discover of truth. Basic of Foucault’s methodological principles the students can know possible conditions of each era. And each era has special characteristics. So students won’t examine historical period with same criterion. Basic on Foucault’s perspective the government couldn't monopolize the education and it has superstructure rule. So education moves toward decentralization. Also in the field of tasks and authorities of administrator in education he and post modernism avoid to employ the “management” term instead they use “conduct” term Because in the humanistic relationship, conduct is dominated. So in the Foucault view the leader is selected by others base on situation. Thus in school all power is not focus in a person as administrator. Task and authority of teacher in education is criterion of transform and relationship between different subjects with waste social, political and economical problems and as an intellectual he will play the role of deconstruction in culture that lives in. But the most critical that inter to Foucault view is that domains of tasks and authorities of educational practitioners is not definite absolutely. So to obtain the educational purposes will be face to problem.
Curriculum Development
seyed Ramezan Aghili; . Jamileh Alomalhoda; kourosh Fathi Vajargah
Abstract
Purpose:
Moral education as a serious content area of most educational systems has attracted more attention from educational philosophy perspective than from curriculum designers. Although such research studies have contributed to the growth of this field, but they have almost failed to yield any operational ...
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Purpose:
Moral education as a serious content area of most educational systems has attracted more attention from educational philosophy perspective than from curriculum designers. Although such research studies have contributed to the growth of this field, but they have almost failed to yield any operational insight for empowering educational authorities. On the other hand, a review of top-level policy documents in the field of education reveals that, despite the real emphasis on moral education in such documents, no moral education curriculum has ever been developed for general courses. Therefore, it seems that moral education has been neglected in formal educational system. To fill such a gap, this study aimed to identify the main principles governing moral education curriculum development.
Method:
This study used a qualitative approach and an inductive content analysis method. The participants consisted of experts in the field and experienced teachers of the primary school. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews.
Results:
According to the results, 9 general categories with their 25 related principles were extracted. The principles included core competency, comprehensive goal-setting, situationality, focus on habituation, universal responsibility of moral education, diversity of sources of data in assessments, and determination of learning situation based on time and place.
Discussion:
Generally the suggested principles governing moral education curriculum have been developed in response to shortcomings in moral education process and aim to shift away from the instruction of values to moral education. The limited definition of ethics in moral education process, the limitation of ethics to the level of cognition, and the limitation of moral content in the area of moral knowledge constitute the main shortcomings. The present curriculum made an attempt to fill in this gap by focusing on ethics as a competency as well as emphasizing other aspects of moral development such as attitude and moral deeds. On the other hand, to fulfill moral education goals, all the resources of the school should be used in harmony with each other. Therefore, learning should not be limited to classroom, and the responsibility of moral education should not fall on the teacher only. As a result, an effective moral education curriculum makes use of all the potential learning resources such as a discipline-based curriculum, integration into other courses at the micro level, and integration with the whole school at the macro-level. To do so, all those who are involved, directly or indirectly, in the process of moral education should understand the importance of this area of learning and its relationship with other areas and perform their respective duties.
M Hassani; H Pozesh Shirazi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , May 2014, , Pages 21-50
Abstract
Evaluation of student achievement as one of the pillars of the formal and public education system is very important. The change from quantitative to qualitative evaluation has been taking into consideration seriously and it is on the agenda of the Supreme Council of Education since the early years of ...
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Evaluation of student achievement as one of the pillars of the formal and public education system is very important. The change from quantitative to qualitative evaluation has been taking into consideration seriously and it is on the agenda of the Supreme Council of Education since the early years of 1980’s and with the approval of the Supreme Council of Education on 8th of September 2001 the possibility of its performance appeared. At first, the new model was piloted and gradually spread anywhere. During this study, many researches on the qualitative evaluation and its results in different cities have been done. Analyzing 30 researches in the field of qualitative evaluation, a comprehensive view was provided. Overall, researches have shown that this model did not reduce student learning. Moreover, in terms of reducing student stress it must be said that descriptive evaluation has been successful in this field.
Educational Management
n shirbagi
Abstract
This paper aims to study parents’ and teachers’ perception of the parent participation phenomenon in education. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was applied. Participants included 200 teachers and 210 parents who were selected viamulti-stage cluster sampling from different socio-economic ...
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This paper aims to study parents’ and teachers’ perception of the parent participation phenomenon in education. A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was applied. Participants included 200 teachers and 210 parents who were selected viamulti-stage cluster sampling from different socio-economic regions of Kermanshah City. In order to collect data, initially some semi-structured interviews were held. Subsequently, based on highlighted components from interviews, a questionnaire was designed for gathering quantitative data. The validity and reliability measures of the questionnaire were confirmed via exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha. Factors representing quality and mechanisms of participation, types of interaction and psychological and social impacts of participation were derived from the interviews. The findings revealed that almost all of the parents had not been purposefully involved in the educational performance of their children and there was no evidence of parental cooperation as a group was surfaced. The findings indicated that although the parents to a large extent were aware of the importance of their involvement in their children’s education in practice they failed to engage in this activity for several reasons. The parents stated that they were rarely in touch with teachers and were not fully aware of their children’s learning difficulties. In addition the extent of parents’ voluntary participation in the education process of their children was not satisfactory and they rarely helped and guided their children with their homework. Furthermore, despite teachers, parents want that their children to be encouraged to do their school work. Also, unlike the children's fathers, their mothers were more interested in accepting responsibility for the education of their children. However, there is some kind of disagreement between teachers and parents on how to participate in educational affairs. Thus, teachers were unwilling to allow parents to be involved in the educational process. Finally, the findings revealed that in addition to the teachers and parents support as effective factors regarding the students’ habits of study and effort, the students' opinions should be taken into account and considered seriously.
