M. J. Pakseresht
Abstract
In the history of our (Iranian) Higher Education, the decades of 1370’s/1990’s witnessed the development of scientific research in many areas including educational and behavioral sciences. In our educational and behavioral researches, which are usually conducted by using descriptive ...
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In the history of our (Iranian) Higher Education, the decades of 1370’s/1990’s witnessed the development of scientific research in many areas including educational and behavioral sciences. In our educational and behavioral researches, which are usually conducted by using descriptive and semi-experimental approaches, hypothesis- testing, mainly carried out by recourse to statistical significance testing, has gained a privileged status. But there is no consensus among methodologists and epistemologists concerning the procedures of hypothesis testing on the one hand, and statistical siginficance testing on the other. In this article educational and behavioral research is’ looked at against a broad methodological and epistemological perspective to see how it stands with respect to hypothesis testing in general and significance testing in particular. To attain this goal, first an analysis of ‘hypothesis’ is given. Then hypothesis testing is explored within the tenets of empiricism and rationalism, leading to a discussion of Reichenbach’s inductivism and Popper’s deductivism. Finally, some of the basic criticisms leveled against statistical significance testing are reviewed. The arguments offfered point to certain methodological drawbacks in the educational and behavioral research of our higher education. It is concluded that progress in basic research in our country depends very much on overcoming these drawbacks implying that certaAj aspects of our research approaches should be reviewed.
H. Hadianfard; B. Najarian; H. Shokrkon; M. Meharbizadeh Honarmand
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the efficacy of three psychotherapy approaches to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the reduction of inattention and impulsive behavior of male elementary school students. From the total population of Shiraz 3rd and 4th grade male elementary ...
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This study was designed to compare the efficacy of three psychotherapy approaches to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the reduction of inattention and impulsive behavior of male elementary school students. From the total population of Shiraz 3rd and 4th grade male elementary school children, 2863 students were screened for ADHD, and 160 of the students diagnosed as suffering from AHDH were randomly allocated to four groups (40 subjects in each group): Children self-instruction training group; the behavior therapy group, the mother self-instruction training group and a control group. In addition, another control group consisted of 40 “normal subjects randomly selected from the ADHD subjects’ classmates was also formed for further comparisons. In this study, the dependent variables were inattention and impulsive behavior as measured by the Farsi version of the Continuous Performance Test. Using the pre-and post- test scores on these two measures, the data analysis indicated that performance of the groups receiving verbal self-instruction training (both children and their mothers) had improved significantly more than both the ADHD subjects in the behavior therapy and the normal subjects groups.
M. Mehrabizadeh Honarmand; A. Aboighasemi; B. Najarian; H. Shokrkon
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the scope of epidemiology of test anxiety and the relations of self-efficacy and locus of control with it as moderated by intelligence in Ahvaz high school students To study the epidemiology of test anxiety, 3109 high school students were selected ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the scope of epidemiology of test anxiety and the relations of self-efficacy and locus of control with it as moderated by intelligence in Ahvaz high school students To study the epidemiology of test anxiety, 3109 high school students were selected from their population by a simple random sampling method. The participants completed the test anxiety inventory. Also for hypothesis testing, 340 high school students were selected by a simple random sampiñig method. The subjects completed the self-efficacy scale, locus of control inventory and intelligence test. The results showed the rate of epidemiology of test anxiety to be 17.4% in study sample. The epidemiology of test anxiety in girl students (22%) was proved to be higher than that of the boy students (12.8%) and in Local Arab students (18.7%) higher than local persian students (16.4%). The results of hypoteses showed that, test anxiety is negatively related to self-efficacy (r=-0.29) and locus of control (r=-0.24) intelligence variable being controlled. Also, the result of multiple regression showed that the multiple correlation coefficients between predictive variables (self-efficacy, locus of control and intelligence) and criterion variable (test anxiety) was statistically sigificant.
S. Zahedifar; B. Najarian; H. Shokrkon
Abstract
This study was launched to construct and validate a scale for measuring aggression in accordance with cultural values and social characteristics of Iranian people, and to examine the following four hypotheses: 1) There is a positive correlation between aggression and depression, 2) There is a positive ...
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This study was launched to construct and validate a scale for measuring aggression in accordance with cultural values and social characteristics of Iranian people, and to examine the following four hypotheses: 1) There is a positive correlation between aggression and depression, 2) There is a positive correlation between aggression and Type A characteristics, 3) There is a positive correlation between aggression and migraine headache symptoms, and 4) There is a significant difference between male and female students’ scores on aggression. All three different samples of this study were randomly drawn from the undergraduate students taking various general courses of Shahid Chamran University (Ahvaz): Normative sample (N—550), test- retest sample (n=229), and validation study sample (n=215). Based on a factor analysis, a 30-item questionnaire entitled Ahvaz Aggression Inventery (AM) was developed to measure aggression, comprising three subscales: Rage and Anger (14 items), Assault and Insult (8 items), and Negativism (8 items). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients of AAJ were all satisfactory. Validity of AAI was found to be very high based on its concurrent administration with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), MMPI, and BDVI (a purpose- designed validity scale).
All four hypotheses of this Study were confirmed for the whole sample, as well as for the female and male samples separately. Regarding the first hypothesis, however, only the overall correlatton between aggression and depression was significant; The correlation between the second sub-scale and depression for the male subjects, as well as the correlation between the third sub- scale and depression for the male and female subjects were not found to be significant. Implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
J. Haghigi; M. Mehrabiiadeh Honarmand; T. Zandi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with school anxiety. (test anxiety, lack of confidence, lack of assertiveness, and physiological reactions) and academic performance of secondaiy school students of Izeh. In tlis study 311 student (156 ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs with school anxiety. (test anxiety, lack of confidence, lack of assertiveness, and physiological reactions) and academic performance of secondaiy school students of Izeh. In tlis study 311 student (156 boys and 155 girls) were selected via simple raiidom sampling. The hypotheses of the study maintained simple and multiple relationships between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and school anxiety as well as academic performance. To verify the hypotheses, “Questonnaire of Hierarchy of Needs”, Phlip’s School Anxiety Scale, students’ academic performance marks (grades), and a short questionnaire to record the students’ socio-economic status were used. The findings, confirming the hypotheses, indicated that, after controlling for the effect of socio-economic status, there still are constant, significant relationships between “Needs” and school anxiety and academic performance.
R. Eftekhari
Abstract
Evaluation in its non-formal sense is not a new thing. Man has almost always used evalulation to gain information about his actions to improve his affairs. Nowadays, evaluation in the form of the qestionnaire, is viewed as a scientific approach which, aided by the use of statistical techniques, has ...
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Evaluation in its non-formal sense is not a new thing. Man has almost always used evalulation to gain information about his actions to improve his affairs. Nowadays, evaluation in the form of the qestionnaire, is viewed as a scientific approach which, aided by the use of statistical techniques, has proven useful in practice. Questionnaires comprise different questions, each one providing a part of the required information. As a rule, in designing the questions of a questionnaire, depending on the aim of the research, methods are devised to measure the size of the reliability and validity of the instrument in which equal weight is given to all of the questions, thus attaching equal importance to them. Since some of the questions provide more signifcant pieces of information, it seems that determining an appropriate weight for each question will reflect the results of the questionnaire in a more realistic way. The aim of this study was to provide a suitable method for correct valuation of the items on the questionnaire of the academic members general evaluation. To achieve this aim, first the researcher decided to collect the experts points of view by studying the relevant literature and by using group Analytic-Hierarchy-Process (AHP) and mathemtical modal model of operation research (OR), the new weight for each item of the questionnaire was determined. The result of the application of the new coefficients to the questionnaire, administered to 30 members of academic staff, all randomly selected, showed a significant difference in comparison to the former that of questionnaire.
M.A. Sepahvandi
Abstract
The participants in this study included all the students (77 clients altogether) who visited the center during 1376-1379 (1999-2000) academic year. The instruments used for collecting research data consisted of a qusetionnainre together with individual interviews. To analyze the data the non-parametric ...
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The participants in this study included all the students (77 clients altogether) who visited the center during 1376-1379 (1999-2000) academic year. The instruments used for collecting research data consisted of a qusetionnainre together with individual interviews. To analyze the data the non-parametric test of X2 was used. The findings of the study show that the most frequent causes of the students’ visit the counseling center were psychological problems (34 cases), social problems (52 cases), family problems (30 cases), and educational problems (16 cases). Most of them stated that their problems had started from the outset of studying in the University (61 cases). Only 16 cases stated that they had the problem before entering the University.
