M. Abedini baltork; E. Mirshahjaferi
Volume 20, Issue 2 , December 2014, , Pages 151-170
Abstract
Principles of peace are worth living. Events honest moment that can help experienced social their lives. Peace, major prerequisite for the continued existence of human life, the generations are. As peace is important. Trained in this way lead like many problems. Fighting to remove or reduce. Peace education ...
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Principles of peace are worth living. Events honest moment that can help experienced social their lives. Peace, major prerequisite for the continued existence of human life, the generations are. As peace is important. Trained in this way lead like many problems. Fighting to remove or reduce. Peace education is one of the most compelling moral imperative for all people who live on this Belief. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the content of primary textbooks, basedon peace education components. The components considered in this study are Sense of solidarity, of forgiveness, Sense of responsibility to others, recognizing diversity and individual differences, Rejection of ethnic differences, racial, religious, loving others. Used method in analyzing of present study content was Shannon Entropy Method and unit of analyzing is also pages of (text, questions, practices and pictures) that include in sum of 3467 pages. Statistical society all of primary books .Sense of solidarity components more than other components and the less amount of consideration is relate to recognizing diversity and individual differences.
B.E. Zamani; A. Esfijani
Abstract
Children, from their very early ages, through their everyday experience in both natural and designed conditions, learn about scientific concepts. The primary school is the first environment in which science concepts and principles are dealt with in a systematic way through planned experiences, and science ...
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Children, from their very early ages, through their everyday experience in both natural and designed conditions, learn about scientific concepts. The primary school is the first environment in which science concepts and principles are dealt with in a systematic way through planned experiences, and science textbooks play a vital role in this regard. Since scientific concepts, and particularly physics concepts, are abstract, young children need to form mental images about them. To satisfy this need, science textbooks should contain ample visual elements to make matters clear for the children. In recent years considerable innovations seem to have been introduced in the Iranian primary school science texts. These developments have taken place partly on account of internal and external research, and partly through following the examples of advanced foreign countries. Apparently, one of conspicuous changes in the textbooks involves the use of graphic elements. Research findings indicate that graphical components play a vital role in grasping student attention. The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the extent to which graphic elements are used in the primary textbooks of the three countries of Iran, USA, and England. To achieve this goal, physics concepts were selected as domain of the study and the section on sound was randomly selected in that domain. To collect and analyze the data, graphic elements were divided into active and inactive items based on their contribution to the children's understanding and learning tasks. Textbooks' content were analyzed and compared according to these criteria. Findings of the research indicate that Iranian primary textbooks tend to use related pictures and drawings with a variety of colors. But, because of the poor quality of paper, these textbooks are less effective compared to English and American textbooks. Iranian textbooks present a lot of images in an inactive way. American textbooks present more extensive images to provide students with ample information and stimulate their curiosity compared to other two countries. English books use graphics for organizing information and doing experiments more than those of the other two countries. As a result English textbooks use more active pictures and are more useful in promoting a discovery frame of mind.
