نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران ایران.

10.22055/edus.2024.46428.3576

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، نگاه تطبیقی به موقعیت مداری در تعلیم و تربیت است که از منظر جان دیویی و مبانی نظری سند تحول بنیادین نظام آموزش و پرورش ایران مورد بررسی و مطالعه تطبیقی قرار گرفته است. از میان روش‌های مطالعه تطبیقی روش جرج بردی که شامل چهار مرحله توصیف، تفسیر، همجواری و مقایسه است استفاده شده است. منبع اولیه گردآوری اطلاعات تألیفات جان دیویی و مبانی نظری سند تحول بنیادین است و منابع ثانویه که به تبیین و بررسی این موضوع پرداخته شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر آن است؛ پیشایندهای فلسفی موقعیت محوری در تعلیم و تربیت بر مبنای دیدگاه جان دیوئی مبتنی بر طرد هر گونه مبنا و قاعده از پیش تعیین شده است، موقعیت دلالت بر امر کلی و فراگیر دارد که از جنس درک شهودی است و قابل تبیین استدلالی نیست اما موقعیت در مبانی نظری سند تحول، تابع معیار است و در فرایند و نتایج مبتنی بر قواعد از پیش تعیین شده نیست و در واقع یک بینش وحدت گرا و توحیدی را در فرایندی متکثر مبتنی بر موقعیت، برای تعلیم و تربیت ترسیم می‌کند، همچنین پیوستگی و چرخش بین مراحل موقعیت پذیری، موقعیت یابی و موقعیت سازی وجود دارد. نکاتی که به عنوان نقطه مشترک در دیدگاه دیویی و مبانی نظری سند تحول واجد بررسی هستند عبارتند از طرد هرگونه پیش فرض و قواعد پیش بینی شده، همچنین توجه به نگاه کل گرایانه در مفهوم موقعیت است اما آنچه به عنوان نقطه تمایز و تفاوت میتوان به آن اشاره کرد مبانی نظری سند تحول بیشتر رویکرد فراموقعیتی و وحدتگرا و توحیدی دارد همچنین موقعیت در مبانی تابع معیار است اما دیدگاه جان دیویی فاقد نگاه فرا موقعیتی است و در رویکرد تجربه گرایی محصور شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Situationism in Education: Comparison of view of John Dewey and Iran's Education Transformation Document

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Rajabi 1
  • mohsen farmahinifarahani 2
  • Mehdi Sobhani Nejad 3

1 Ph.D. student of Philosophy of Education, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Shahid University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor Department of Education ,Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The purpose of the current research is to explain the situation of education and training, which has been investigated and studied from the perspective of John Dewey and the theoretical foundations of the fundamental transformation of Iran's education system.
 
Method
George Brady's comparative research method, which includes four stages of description, interpretation, comparison, and comparison, has been used. The primary source of information collection is the writings of John Dewey and the theoretical foundations of the fundamental change document, and the secondary sources are the articles that have been explained and investigated on this issue.
 
Results
The findings of the research show that; The philosophical antecedents of situation orientation in education and training are based on John Dewey's view based on the rejection of any pre-determined basis and rule, the position implies a general and comprehensive matter, which is of intuitive understanding and cannot be explained by reasoning, but the situation in the basics The theory of the transformation document is subject to criteria and is not based on pre-determined rules in the process and results, and in fact, it draws a unified and monotheistic vision in a situation-based pluralistic process for education. The theoretical foundations of the transformation document are It seeks the connection between the making,finding and geing situation. The common point in Dewey's point of view and the theoretical foundations of the transformation document is the rejection of any presuppositions and predicted rules, as well as attention to the holistic view of the concept of situation, but what can be pointed out as a point of distinction and difference is the theoretical foundations of the transformation document. It has a trans-situational, unitary and monotheistic approach, also the situation is subject to criteria in the basics, but John Dewey's view lacks a trans-situational view and is enclosed in the empiricism approach.
 
Discussion
According to the results presented in the comparative study of the situation from the point of view of John Dewey and the theoretical foundations of the document of transformation, at the end of the article, references were made for the education system of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • situation
  • Dewey
  • theoretical foundations of fundamental change
  • education
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