نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری برنامه‌ریزی توسعه آموزش عالی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی آموزش عالی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بسیاری از متفکران و متخصصان تعلیم و تربیت بر این باورند که سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی به‌منظور تجدیدنظر اساسی در عملکرد گذشته و کنونی نظام‌های تربیتی هر کشور، باید در پرتو بررسی پیشینه‌ی تاریخی تحولات آموزشی و تحلیل وضعیت کنونی نظام‌ آموزشی صورت پذیرد؛ تا با دیدی باز و جامع عواملی را که موجب رکود فعالیت‌های فرهنگی و علمی و شکل‌گیری روش‌های کنونی آموزشی است، شناسایی کرد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر شکل گیری و تحول دانشگاه در ایران از زمان تاسیس دانشگاه تهران تا کنون انجام شده است. در راستای تحقق اهداف پژوهش 14 مصاحبه با افراد متخصص و دارای تجربه زیسته در آموزش عالی کشور ترتیب داده‌شده و مصاحبه‌ها تا مرحله‌ی اشباع نظری ادامه پیدا کرد. در تحلیل مصاحبه‌های پژوهش از استراتژی تحلیل تماتیک (مضمون) استفاده‌شده است.
از دیدگاه مصاحبه شوندگان، سیر تاریخی دانشگاه در ایران را می‌توان به شش دوره مجزا تقسیم کرد. در تمام این دوره ها، عوامل سیاسی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، ایدئولوژیک و علمی تغییرات و تحولات در دانشگاه را تحت تاثیر قرار داده اند. عدم خلاقیت در مدیریت سیستم آموزش عالی از یک طرف و تمرکزگرایی از سوی دیگر سبب شده است که بین دانشگاه‌های ایران اختلاف معناداری وجود نداشته باشد. ایجاد تغییرات ساختاری، کمی و کیفی در نظام آموزش عالی کشور باید بر اساس مطالعات جامع فرهنگی، جامعه شناختی، اقتصادی، سیاسی بوده و با اتخاذ سازوکارهای قانونی و فرهنگ مناسب، مانع از تأثیرگذاری مخرب عوامل سیاسی و اقتصادی بر نظام آموزش عالی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of factors affecting the formation and transformation of university in Iran since the establishment of Tehran University

نویسندگان [English]

  • monireh sohrabi 1
  • mohammad yamani douzi 2
  • maghsood farasatkhah 3
  • hassan hazrati 4

1 Student Ph.D. Higher Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Higher Education, Institute of Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, University of Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction:
The university system is one of the subsystems and component of the higher education system and the social system; hence, it is influenced by other higher education institutions, the educational system of the country and peripheral devices such as political, economic, social and cultural systems. Many thinkers and educators, who advocate new perspectives on educational reform, believe that policy making and planning in order to redefine the past and present performance of educational systems in each country should be done in the light of the historical background of educational developments and the analysis of the current state of the educational system, because in this case, it is possible to discover the factors that led to the decline of cultural and scientific activities and the formation of the current educational methods with an open and comprehensive view. This research aims to study "the factors affecting the formation and transformation of the university in Iran since the establishment of the University of Tehran as the first Iranian official to date".
Methods:
This research was done by using thematic analysis method consisting of three stages of descriptive coding, interpretive coding and content development. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and those who had experience in higher education.
Results:
The findings of the analysis of the content indicate that several factors have contributed to the formation of the university in Iran. History of the University in Iran from interviewee's views, six distinct courses can be divided into different policies and approaches to higher education.
Discussion:
In all these periods, many political, economic, social, cultural, ideological and scientific factors have affected the changes and changes in the university. Findings show that there are no significant differences between Iranian universities. The reason for this is the lack of creativity in the management of higher education system on the one hand and centralization on the other. Making any structural, quantitative and qualitative changes in the higher education system of the country should be based on deep sociological, economic, political and cultural studies and its growth and expansion in line with the needs and developments created in these areas. By adopting legal mechanisms and proper culture, the effects of severe political and economic factors and its destructive effects on the higher education system were prevented. The question is, "

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher Education
  • History of higher education
  • Transformation of higher education
  • Effective factors
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