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اخبار و اعلانات

کاوشی پدیدارشناسانه بر تعییین نقاط قوت و ضعف اجرای برنامه درسی کار و فناوری و راهکارهای بهبود وضعیت اجرای آن

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی کیفی چالش‌ها و نقاط قوت برنامه درسی کار و فناوری و راهکارهای بهبود وضعیت اجرای برنامه درسی کار و فناوری بود. برای این منظور از روش پدیدارنگاری استفاده شد. روش نمونه‌گیری از نوع هدفمند و با فن گوله برفی برای صاحب نظران و برای معلمان هدفمند از نوع در دسترس بود که تعداد مشارکت کنندگان با توجه به اشباع داده‌ها 6 صاحب نظر؛ 25 معلم انتخاب شد. برای ﺟﻤﻊآوری دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫـﺎی ﻧﯿﻤـﻪساختار ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ استفاده شد. روش تحلیل داده‌ها به روش 7 مرحله‌ای کلایزی انجام شد. برای اعتبارسنجی داده‌ها از راهبردهایی همچون مثلث سازی جمع‌آوری داده؛ بازبینی مصاحبه شوندگان از برداشت‌ها و کدبندی‌ها و بازبینی پژوهشگران همکار و توافق بین پژوهشگر و مشارکت‌کنندگان در پژوهش استفاده شد. یافته‌ها از دیدگاه معلمان و صاحب نظران بدست آمدکه در چالش و موانع اجرای درس کار و فناوری شامل پنج مضمون "محدودیت، معلم، تناسب محتوا، نظام جامع ارزشیابی، عوامل اجتماعی" با یازده زیر مضمون "امکانات، منابع مالی، فضای فیزیکی، زمان، معلم تخصصی، مقوله مهارتی (دانش افزایی)، عدم تناسب با نیاز،عدم تعادل در محتوا، ضعف در اجرای ارزشیابی، عدم وجود زمینه فرهنگی، پایین بودن جایگاه و ارزش کار و فناوری در بین مسئولین" و در نقاط قوت دو مضمون "جنبه فنی، دانش افزایی" و پنج زیر مضمون "کار آفرینی،هدایت تحصیلی مناسب، خلاقیت، دست ورزی، مهارت عمومی" و در راهکارها دو مضمون"بهبود عناصر برنامه درسی، ایجاد انگیزه" و شش زیر مضمون"محتوا، ارزشیابی، امکانات، برنامه درسی پنهان، ایجاد راههای ارتباطی، حقوق و مزایا" بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenological exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of work and technology curriculum implementation and strategies to improve its implementation

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra abolhasani 1
  • marziyeh dehghani 2
  • mohamad javadipour 3
  • Keyvan Salehi 2
  • nasrin mohamad hasani 4

1 Ph.D. Student, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Due to the usability of the work and technology curriculum in life, as well as its important role in motivating and aspiring to jobs in society and helping to choose a field, the country's educational system has paid special attention to the work and technology curriculum. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively review the challenges and strengths of the work and technology curriculum and strategies to improve the implementation of the work and technology curriculum.
Method
For this purpose, the phenomenographic method was used. Targeted sampling method with snowball technique was available for experts and targeted teachers, number of participants according to data saturation 6 experts; 25 teachers were selected. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using a 7-step clays method. To validate the data strategies such as data collection triangulation; Interviewees' reviews of the impressions and codings and the review of the collaborating researchers and the agreement between the researcher and the participants in the research were used.
Results
Research results in three sections: challenges and obstacles to implementation; The strengths of the work and technology curriculum and the proposed solutions to improve this were obtained from the perspective of experts and teachers.
Discussion
Findings were obtained from the perspective of teachers and experts that the challenges and obstacles to the implementation of work and technology course include five themes "limitation, teacher, content relevance, comprehensive evaluation system, social factors" with eleven sub-themes "facilities, financial resources, physical space , Time, specialized teacher, skill category (knowledge enhancement), disproportion to the need, imbalance in content, weakness in the implementation of evaluation, lack of cultural background, low status and value of work and technology among officials "and the strengths of the two "Technical aspect, knowledge-building" and five sub-themes "entrepreneurship, appropriate academic guidance, creativity, craftsmanship, general skills" and in the solutions two themes "improving curriculum elements, motivating" and six sub-themes "content, evaluation" "Facilities, hidden curriculum, communication channels, salaries and benefits.”

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • work and technology
  • Curriculum
  • implementation
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علوم تربیتی
دوره 28، شماره 1
تیر 1400
صفحه 67-88
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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