نویسندگان

1 university of California, davis

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز،اهواز،ایران

10.22055/edus.1998.16063

چکیده

با اینکه‌ روانشناسان‌ بسیاری‌ به‌ پدیده خلاقیت‌ ابراز علاقه‌ کرده‌اند، پژوهش‌ روانشناختی‌ در خصوص‌ آن‌ به‌ سرعت‌ گسترش‌ نیافت‌، تا اینکه‌ ج‌.پی‌. گیلفورد[1] در خطابه خود به‌ هنگام‌ احراز ریاست‌ انجمن‌ روانشناسی‌ آمریکا در سال‌ 1950، اعلام‌ کرد که‌ این‌ موضوع‌ سزاوار توجه‌ خیلی‌ بیشتری‌ از آن‌ چیزی‌ است‌ که‌ دریافت‌ می‌دارد. این‌ مقاله‌ پیشرفتی‌ را که‌ روانشناسان‌، از زمان‌ درخواست‌ گیلفورد برای‌ تلاش‌ در این‌ زمینه‌، در جهت‌ فهم‌ خلاقیت‌ به‌ عمل‌ آورده‌اند بازنگری‌ می‌کند. پیشرفت‌ پژوهشی‌ در چهار جبهه‌ روی‌ داده‌ است‌: فرایندهای‌ شناختی‌ درگیر در عمل‌ خلاق‌، ویژگیهای‌ متمایز آدم‌ خلاق‌، تحول‌ و تظاهر خلاقیت‌ در طول‌ زندگی‌ فرد، و محیطهای‌ اجتماعی‌ شدیداً وابسته‌ به‌ فعالیت‌ خلاق‌. با اینکه‌ پرسشهای‌ مهمی‌ هنوز بی‌پاسخ‌ مانده‌اند، اینک‌ روانشناسان‌ بیش‌ از پیش‌ می‌دانند که‌ چگونه‌ افراد به‌ این‌ کنش‌ بهینه انسانی‌ ویژه‌ و مهم‌ دست‌ می‌یابند.   



[1] - j.p.guilford

عنوان مقاله [English]

Creativity Cognitive, Personal, Developmental, and Social Aspects

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dean Keith Simonton 1
  • H. Shokrkon 2

1 university of California, davis

2 Faculty member of the Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz

چکیده [English]

Although many psychologists have expressed an interest in the phenomenon of creativity, psychological research on this topic did not rapidly expand until Wafter J. P. Guilford claimed, in his 1950 APA presidential address, that this topic deserved far more attention than it was then receiving. This article reviews the progress psychologists have made in understanding creativity since Guilford’s call to arms. Research progress has taken place on 4 fronts: the cognitive processes involved in the creative act, the distinctive characteristics of the creative person, the development and manifestation of creativity across the individual life span, and the social environments most strongly associated with creative activity. Although some important questions remain unanswered, psychologists now know more than ever before about how individuals achieve this special and significant form of optimal human functioning.
 

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