نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،

2 استاد دانشکده روا‌ن‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی

10.22055/edus.2008.15804

چکیده

هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر نشان دادن تأثیر دو روش متداول سنجش کلاسی (تشریحی و چهارگزینه‌ای) بر رویکردهای مطالعه و راهبردهای آماده شدن برای امتحان در دانشجویان با پیشرفت تحصیلی بالا و پایین بوده است. برای انجام این پژوهش تعداد 332 نفر از دانشجویان با پیشرفت تحصیلی بالا و پایین در رشته‌های روان‌شناسی و مدیریت آموزشی دانشگاههای شاهد و آزاد اسلامی اراک شرکت داشتند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مربوط به رویکردهای مطالعه دانشجویان از پرسشنامه رویکردها و مهارت‌های مطالعه برای دانشجویان (ASSIST) و برای اندازه‌گیری راهبردهای آماده شدن برای امتحان از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته‌ای با همین نام استفاده شد. داده‌های مربوط به این متغیرها در دو نوبت پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون در ابتدا و انتهای ترم تحصیلی جمع‌آوری شد. معدل واحدهای درسی گذرانده شده دانشجویان نیز به عنوان شاخص پیشرفت تحصیلی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های آماری MANCOVA و ANCOVA استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از امتحان‌های تشریحی دانشجویان را به سمت رویکرد عمقی مطالعه و استفاده از امتحان‌های چندگزینه‌ای آنها را به سمت رویکرد سطحی مطالعه سوق می‌دهد. در تعامل بین سطوح متغیرهای روش سنجش و پیشرفت تحصیلی، تعامل روش سنجش تشریحی و سطح پیشرفت تحصیلی بالا در مقایسه با سایر شکل‌های تعامل متغیرهای مذکور، باعث میشود که دانشجویان رویکرد عمقی‌تری در مطالعه داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effects of Type of Assessment (Essay and Multiple-Choice) on Students' Approaches to Studying and Exam Preparation Strategies between Students with High and Low Academic Achievement

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Fathabadi 1
  • A. Saif 2

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University,

2 Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of type of assessment (essay and multiple-choice) on students' approaches to studying and exam preparation strategies between students with high and low academic achievement. 332 students with high and low academic achievement (based on their GPA with the cut of point 17 from 20) majoring in psychology and educational management from Shahed and Arak Islamic Azad Universities participated at this study. They all completed the ASSIST (Approaches and Study Skills of Students) questionnaire and a researcher made questionnaire about their exam preparation strategies at the beginning and end of the academic term. Results of MANCOVA (pretest scores used as covariates) revealed that essay examinations encouraged students employ deep studying approaches and deep preparation strategies and multiple -choice examinations made a tendency toward surface studying approaches and surface exam preparation strategies. There was a statistically significant interaction between essay type of assessment and high academic achievement and lead students to study more deeply compare with other forms of the mentioned variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • multiple- choice exam
  • approaches to studying
  • surface approach
  • deep approach
  • exam preparation strategies
  • academic achievement
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