Curriculum Development
marjan sojoodi; Marzieh Dehghani; mohamad javadipour; Reza Zaefarian
Abstract
Idea Generation and innovation creates a favorable environment for cultivating the seeds of ideas in children's minds and creates in them a new vision for looking differently, innovation and self-efficacy; This is especially important in the curriculum of the elementary school. Based on this, the present ...
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Idea Generation and innovation creates a favorable environment for cultivating the seeds of ideas in children's minds and creates in them a new vision for looking differently, innovation and self-efficacy; This is especially important in the curriculum of the elementary school. Based on this, the present research was conducted in order to identify the fundamental factors affecting the flourishing of ideas and innovation among elementary school students. The present study is practical in terms of purpose and the research approach is qualitative and phenomenological. The sample size was 12 people and sampling was done in a targeted way. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done using Claysey's method. The identified factors in the flourishing of children's ideation and innovation included four main factors. The first factor, "idea search tools", includes the application of idea search techniques and creative strategies, games and gamification, and innovative activities and assignments. The second factor, "mental factors" includes; Students' questioning and the power of imagination and mental imagery, the third factor "inspiring teachers and parents" includes the guiding role of the teacher, encouraging and knowledgeable parents and proactive and active teachers and the fourth factor "atmosphere and physical space" which includes the atmosphere and physical space and The governance was an atmosphere of trust and acceptance. The results of the current research show the broad angles and dimensions of ideation and innovation, and the activation of these angles through the factors identified in this study plays a significant role in realizing the goals of the elementary school and provides the ground for cultivating thinkers, active and free-thinking learners. Makes. On the one hand, searching for ideas promotes individual and social identity and independence and increases the self-confidence of elementary school students, and on the other hand, from a practical point of view, it leads to the active participation of children in educational activities and special events of the elementary school.
Curriculum Development
Hedyeh Mohamadzadeh; Afsaneh Naraghiadeh; Parvin Samadi
Abstract
IntroductionThe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the responsibility of primary school students from the perspective of teachers, administrators and parentsMethodThis study was qualitative in terms of applied purpose, with thematic analysis approach. The participants in the research ...
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IntroductionThe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the responsibility of primary school students from the perspective of teachers, administrators and parentsMethodThis study was qualitative in terms of applied purpose, with thematic analysis approach. The participants in the research were teachers, administrators and parents. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that reached theoretical saturation with 8 teachers, 7 managers and 9 parentsResultsThe results of the analysis of the theme in the teachers' section for examples of responsibility in two sub-categories: individual (personal) and class (professional); For factors affecting responsibility, there are four sub-categories of family factor, social factor, personality factor and educational factor; For the teacher's actions to make students responsible, two sub-categories of formal assignments and informal assignments; For the evaluation method, two quantitative and qualitative sub-categories were extracted from responsibility, and three short-term, medium-term and long-term sub-categories were extracted for the consequences of responsibility.DiscussionAlso, the results of the content analysis of managers' interviews for examples of responsibility under individual and group categories, to affect responsibility under family, personal, environmental and educational categories; The manager's actions for students' responsibility of team, individual, social and organizational categories were extracted and for the consequences of responsibility, two sub-categories of individual and social were extracted. In general, when a person learns from childhood to create a balance and be responsible for his potential and actual abilities and the expectations that exist from him, he will undoubtedly be successful in his educational, career and life destiny. Less confusion and failure.Since developing societies need responsible and self-sufficient people, therefore today's people must accept responsibility for their lives and destiny more than ever, and this is not possible unless the basis of education is based on increasing children's understanding. and teenagers about their role in building their destiny and quality of life, and to achieve this goal, effort and careful planning is necessary. Teaching responsibility helps children and teenagers to accept responsibility for their feelings, knowledge and behavior and also to accept that they are responsible for their health, success, relationship with others and relationship with the environment.
Educational Planing
Akram Dehbashei; Hadi Pourshafei; Mohsen Ayati
Abstract
Many educational activities in schools are planned in order to prepare students for the future life and the ability to play different roles. The aim of the current research is to investigate and identify the effects of students' future prospects.MethodThe research approach is qualitative and its method ...
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Many educational activities in schools are planned in order to prepare students for the future life and the ability to play different roles. The aim of the current research is to investigate and identify the effects of students' future prospects.MethodThe research approach is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research area consists of 293 articles about the future prospects of learners, which were presented in reputable scientific journals between 1999 and 2023. The research sample includes 43 articles that were collected purposefully and were selected based on thematic data monitoring. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied documents. Content analysis was used for the synthesis of scientific documents and documents in the field of research. The data obtained from this research were analyzed based on coding in three open, central and selected levels.ResultsBased on the data analysis, the effects of the future perspective for learners were classified into 5 dimensions, 17 factors and 47 categories, which include the behavioral dimension (reducing stressful behavior, strengthening healthy behavior and emotional behavior); psychological dimension (motivation, self-knowledge and psychological effects); The contextual dimension (economic and social), the educational dimension (academic progress, motivation, learning independence, active evaluation, academic satisfaction and deepening of learning) and the planning dimension (planning, time management and goal setting) were classified. DiscussionThe results showed that creating an attitude of the future perspective in the learners can be the basis for many effects for the learners in the present and future times, therefore, the ground should be provided to improve and strengthen this attitude in the learners according to the curricula. come Paying attention to the perspective of the future in the three areas of the curriculum, including the intended, implemented and acquired programs, provides the background for the dynamics of educational systems in relation to the changes in society.
Curriculum Development
Somayeh Saedi; Parvin Samadi; parvin Ahmadi
Abstract
IntroductionReforming the mission of universities in the field of employment has been considered in the world for three decades. Due to the continuous social changes, education and academic research should be in the direction of solving social, economic, cultural and technological problems of society ...
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IntroductionReforming the mission of universities in the field of employment has been considered in the world for three decades. Due to the continuous social changes, education and academic research should be in the direction of solving social, economic, cultural and technological problems of society in order to be able to solve some of the issues related to employment and gaining new job competencies. The aim of this study was to validate the university curriculum model based on Fugit's employability model.MethodThe present study was conducted in terms of the type of development goal and quantitatively with a survey approach. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical population was all undergraduate students in comprehensive public universities in Tehran. Sampling was Stratified Random Sampling method. The statistical sample size according to Cochran's formula for was estimated at 384. Due to the limitations, 290 questionnaire samples were completed and entered into the analysis process. The obtained data were analyzed using analysis test. ResultsFindings indicated that adaptability to employability skills by 0.529, job identity to employability skills by 0.807 and socio-human capital to employability skills They have a positive and direct effect of 0.424. Also, content on human-social capital (0.960), teaching method on human-social capital (0.998), teaching method on job identity (0.236), evaluation method on human-social capital (1.23), Learning characteristics on human-social capital (0.247), teaching characteristics on job identity (1.39), teaching characteristics on adaptability (0.382), learning environment on job identity (13/13) 1) Finally, the learning environment affects adaptability (2.06). DiscussionThe sum of extracted elements, components and concepts provides a basic model of university curriculum based on students' entrepreneurial competencies. The higher education curriculum framework based on entrepreneurial competencies for students, while creating a new lens, forms a window through which the higher education community can look at its possibilities with a fresh perspective, and also provides this possibility. make it possible to look at the strange and normal separation of the university and other organizations and institutions outside the borders of the university with an enlightened view.
Curriculum Development
Fahimeh Ansarizadeh; Mohammad Reza Keramati; sifollah fazllolahi; Robyn M Gillies
Abstract
IntroductionOne of the active and effective approaches that has attracted the attention of researchers today is cooperative learning. In the process of implementing cooperative learning, students have the opportunity to work together in an environment in the form of small heterogeneous groups to achieve ...
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IntroductionOne of the active and effective approaches that has attracted the attention of researchers today is cooperative learning. In the process of implementing cooperative learning, students have the opportunity to work together in an environment in the form of small heterogeneous groups to achieve a common goal. In the process of implementing this approach, motivation, critical thinking, and problem solving are developed. These advantages are achieved when teachers can successfully implement this approach in the classroom. The successful implementation of cooperative learning requires that the challenges of the implementation process be minimized by using appropriate solutions. The basic question is, what is the process and solutions for implementing cooperative learning approach in elementary school?MethodThe current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and meta- synthesis method. This method examines the findings extracted from other related and similar studies. Sandelovski and Barso (2007) method was used to conduct the research. This method includes seven stages of setting questions, regular review of texts, search and selection of appropriate documents, information extraction, analysis and combination of findings. ResultsThe synthesis of existing knowledge in the field of cooperative learning process and implementation solutions shows that teachers' familiarity with the concept, methods and techniques of cooperative learning approach can provide suitable conditions for the implementation of this approach. In the process section, the teacher's actions and students' actions are emphasized, and in the solutions section, the roles of teachers and students are emphasized as two important elements of the curriculum.DiscussionIt can be concluded that five groups of stakeholders can play a significant role in the quality implementation of the cooperative learning approach: policymakers, managers, teachers, parents, and students. The findings indicate the central role of teachers and students. The role of these two groups in the cooperative learning process and its implementation solutions has been repeated with a very high frequency. In the cooperative learning process, the actions of the teacher, and the actions of the students play a key role. Teachers can effectively implement this approach through familiarity with cooperative learning, classroom planning, classroom management, and measuring student performance, and preparation and familiarity with student teamwork can facilitate the implementation of this approach, also in the solutions section, the role of teachers and students as two important elements of the curriculum has been emphasized.
Educational Planing
nahid ajourlo; behboud yarigholi; Gholamreza Golmohammad Nazhad Bahrami
Abstract
IntroductionThe current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a high-quality education model in dense classes of elementary school students in Qazvin city.MethodTo achieve the research goal, a systematic qualitative approach and grounded theory method have been used. In order to collect data, ...
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IntroductionThe current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a high-quality education model in dense classes of elementary school students in Qazvin city.MethodTo achieve the research goal, a systematic qualitative approach and grounded theory method have been used. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews and document review were used, and for sampling, a mixed purposeful sampling method (combination of theoretical sampling, snowball, and criterion sampling) was used. The participants of the research were expert professors of this field, managers and teachers of the first and second elementary years, managers and experts responsible for the first and second elementary years of the General Department of Education of Qazvin province and districts one and two, heads of educational groups and leaders. Sampling and semi-structured interviews continued until data analysis and exploration reached theoretical saturation after 19 interviews. In order to ensure the reliability of the research, strategies of review by expert professors and review by participants have been used.ResultsFinally, based on the research results, 23 main categories were identified. The transformation of the classroom into a moral learning community was recognized as a central phenomenon. Other categories were grouped into 5 main categories (causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences) and the relationships between them were drawn and presented in the form of a paradigm model.DiscussionAccording to the findings, the central concept of the moral learning community and the potential of social education was raised through the mutual communication of the main actors, who are in a dynamic relationship with each other, and high-quality education requires understanding their combined and separate effects. According to the findings, the central concept of the moral learning community and the potential of social education was raised through the mutual communication of the main actors, who are in a dynamic relationship with each other, and high-quality education requires understanding their combined and separate effects.Keywords: High quality of education, Student density, Class size.
Educational Management
Mustafa Ghazal; Mohammadali Nadi; salh sahib; faranak mosavi
Abstract
IntroductionThe process of learning and development of learners' capabilities strongly depends on the active participation of learners in education. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating active teaching-learning methods in developing students' abilities and then evaluating professors' ...
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IntroductionThe process of learning and development of learners' capabilities strongly depends on the active participation of learners in education. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating active teaching-learning methods in developing students' abilities and then evaluating professors' views on how active participation affects students' general abilities.MethodA mixed method (quantitative-qualitative) was used to carry out the study. The statistical population in the quantitative part included the students of Babylon University in Iraq, 145 people were selected as sample members using Cochran's formula and selected as sample members using available sampling method. The tool for collecting information in this section was the "Student Participation Questionnaire". Active teaching-learning methods and its effect on learners' abilities were analyzed using analysis of variance and the contribution of the investigated methods was analyzed using Chi-square test. In the qualitative part, faculty members were considered as the statistical population and the purposeful sampling method was used until the saturation point was reached (12 people). Interviews were used to collect information in this section. Faculty members' responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsAccording to the obtained results, most of the students considered active teaching-learning methods to be effective in developing their abilities. Active teaching-learning methods have led to a significant increase in learners' abilities, which shows the efficiency and effectiveness of such methods. Active learning opens the door to hands-on learning, enabling learners and instructors to investigate, think outside the box, and come up with practical solutions to problems themselves.DiscussionThis study provided first-hand information about the effect of active participation on the development of capabilities, and it shows that these effects are related to the interactions between students, professors, as well as the learning environment, which are necessary to improve the capabilities of learners.Keywords: Skills, Teaching, Active learning, Capabilities.
Educational Management
Fatemeh Ahmadi; rezvan Hosseingholizadeh; Mojtaba Bazrafshan Moghadam
Abstract
IntroductionThe main aim of this study is to describe the lived experiences of academic freedom members of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.MethodThe qualitative research method used descriptive phenomenology to reach this aim. All Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty members formed the study sample, ...
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IntroductionThe main aim of this study is to describe the lived experiences of academic freedom members of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.MethodThe qualitative research method used descriptive phenomenology to reach this aim. All Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty members formed the study sample, and 18 people were selected as key informants by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the required data, and Strauss and Corbin's analysis method was used to analyzing the data obtained from the interviews. Also, four criteria of Lincoln and Guba were used to validate the findings. ResultsBased on the findings, five main themes of academic freedom, including educational freedom, research freedom, individual freedom, cultural freedom, and organizational freedom, were extracted as the experiences of faculty members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the theme of educational and research freedom, the results obtained indicate the different experiences of faculty members regarding freedom and limitations in these two themes. The categories related to the individual and the perception of faculty members of academic freedom were placed under the theme of individual freedom. The theme of cultural freedom also expresses the link between social, political and societal culture and academic freedom. Finally, the theme of organizational freedom refers to the categories related to the organization and structure of the university.DiscussionIn the theme of educational and research freedom, the obtained results indicate the different experiences of faculty members regarding freedom and restrictions in these two themes. The categories related to the individual and faculty members’ perception of academic freedom were placed under the theme of individual freedom. Also, the theme of cultural freedom expresses the link between social, political and society culture with academic freedom, and at the end, the theme of organizational freedom refers to the organization and structure of the university.
Curriculum Development
Farzaneh Askary; Mohamad Javadipour; Rezvan Hakimzadeh; Keyvan Salehi
Abstract
IntroductionOverloaded curriculum is an emerging and complex phenomenon in the field of curriculum, which is considered a necessity for every educational system. Prevention of this issue requires a comprehensive investigation in terms of underlying factors and its consequences. The aim of the current ...
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IntroductionOverloaded curriculum is an emerging and complex phenomenon in the field of curriculum, which is considered a necessity for every educational system. Prevention of this issue requires a comprehensive investigation in terms of underlying factors and its consequences. The aim of the current research was to identify the predisposing factors and consequences of dense curriculum in the elementary school in order to provide solutions to deal with it.MethodThe current research is a qualitative, which was carried out by the method of Grounded theory Raised byCharmaz (2006). The participants of the research were education specialists, teachers, students and parents who were selected as a purposeful sampling in two stages of preliminary sampling (by criterion method) and theoretical sampling. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and the data was analyzed using the Charmas constructivist method and through initial, focused and theoretical coding. Lincoln and Guba (1985) four criteria and Charmas (2006) credit enhancement criteria were used to evaluate the quality and the methods of member check, external audit and peer review (with 89% agreement between the first and second coders) were used.ResultsIn the process of coding, four theoretical codes were obtained, according to which, the research Substantive-level theory was presented and examined in the context of Iran's primary education. During the coding process, 74 initial codes, 17 focused codes and 3 theoretical codes were extracted. The findings of the research indicated that the silo’ structure and engineering approach, the general culture of the society, haste in changing the structure and reforms, laxity in monitoring, weakness in implementation and lack of confidence in the ability of teachers were the main factors in creating an overloaded curriculum in the primary education of Iran, and the consequences hasty and personalized teaching, shallow and ephemeral learning, Attention defecit to the cultivation talent and creativity, reluctance to study and school, burnout of teachers, and ineffectiveness of education have followed.DiscussionThe results of the research showed the solutions of turning from the engineering approach to the cultural approach and involving teachers in developing the curriculum, updating the curriculum, Implementation of content piloting, reviewing the allocation of time between courses, reducing the number of textbooks and replacing them with educational packages, eliminating difficult and ambiguous contents and maintaining a balance between the breadth and depth of the content can be effective in dealing with and preventing an overloaded curriculum.
Educational Psychology
tohid ashrafzade; JAVAD mesrabadi
Abstract
IntroductionAcademic performance refers to the measurement of the learning level achieved by students and is considered a key indicator of the effectiveness of educational institutions. Academic performance is a complex phenomenon influenced by the interaction of various factors. Teaching methods is ...
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IntroductionAcademic performance refers to the measurement of the learning level achieved by students and is considered a key indicator of the effectiveness of educational institutions. Academic performance is a complex phenomenon influenced by the interaction of various factors. Teaching methods is one of these factors. A teaching method refers to a systematic approach or strategy educators employ to impart knowledge and facilitate learning among students. Over the past years, many researchers have examined the effect of teaching methods on academic performance, which yielded different results. This study aimed to analyze and combine the results of the performed studies in this field to reach a general conclusion, resolve the existing contradictions, and discover possible moderators.MethodThe present study was conducted by meta-analysis method. The statistical population was all research published in a scientifically valid journal in the country that was available in computer databases (Irandoc, SID, Magiran, Noormags) and was available in related studies between 2011-2022. Using the purposive sampling method and extensive search based on the specified keywords (Teaching methods, Teaching models, Academic performance, Academic progress) and applying entry and exit criteria, 622 studies were selected as a sample and entered the meta-analysis process. The extracted data were analyzed with CMA software. ResultsFrom selected studies as a sample, in total, 758 effect sizes were extracted 41 extreme effect sizes were eliminated in sensitivity analysis and the next analyses were performed on 717 effect sizes. The value of the “fail-safe N” statistic was obtained at 2667, which indicated that after entering this number of non-significant studies, the combined effect size will be non-significant. The amount of combined effect size was calculated at 0.918 in the fixed model and 1.227 in the random model. Both models were statistically significant (p<0.001). As the effect sizes were heterogeneous, Sub-components of teaching methods and teaching patterns were examined as the moderator variables. The results indicated that the effect size of teaching methods on academic performance in the information processing pattern is greater than other patterns. Also, the results indicated that in the teaching methods of information processing pattern, the effect size of the project-based learning method on academic performance is greater than other teaching methods. DiscussionThe results of the study showed that teaching methods had a significant effect on academic performance. Because of the different ways of learning and comprehending learners, it is suggested that teachers use various teaching methods.
Educational Management
Iraj Kalantar hormozi nejad; Gholamhossein Barkat; Manouchehr javanmardi
Abstract
IntroductionThis research aims to present a model for the physical development of secondary schools within the theoretical branch of District One in Ahvaz, aligned with the 2035 educational perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran.MethodThe study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both ...
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IntroductionThis research aims to present a model for the physical development of secondary schools within the theoretical branch of District One in Ahvaz, aligned with the 2035 educational perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran.MethodThe study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative component utilized the Grounded Theory methodology, involving semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 experts in education and renovation management, selected through purposive sampling.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, the research model was developed through three stages of coding: open, axial, and selective. This model comprises six primary categories, 37 sub-categories, and 220 foundational concepts. The quantitative phase aimed to validate the qualitative findings using structural equation modeling and the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach, facilitated by Smart PLS software. The statistical population for this phase included educational and school administrators, renovation managers, assistants, teachers, and relevant psychologists in Ahvaz. A sample size of 384 participants was determined using random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Data collection for the quantitative phase was conducted using a researcher-developed questionnaire, consisting of 37 items measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability, while validity was evaluated through construct validity methods (both convergent and divergent), with results confirming both reliability and validity.DiscussionThe findings from the quantitative analysis indicated that the identified main categories significantly influence the physical development of secondary schools in the theoretical branch of District One in Ahvaz, by the Perspective 2032 of Islamic Republic of Iran Egucation System. Consequently, the results suggest that the model proposed in this research can serve as a valuable resource for enhancing the knowledge and awareness of managers regarding the factors affecting the physical development of schools. It is recommended that educational and training managers, as well as secondary school administrators in the theoretical branch of District One in Ahvaz, utilize the model presented in this study to foster physical development in schools by enhancing the relationship between schools and students
Educational Psychology
maryam ghelichi; abdolreza navah; masoumeh bagheri; Sajad Bahmani
Abstract
IntroductionThe purpose of the current research is to understand the digital lifestyle of female students in Ahvaz city and the role of new technologies, especially the Internet and virtual social networks, on the digitalization of lifestyle. New technologies that have penetrated all social, organizational ...
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IntroductionThe purpose of the current research is to understand the digital lifestyle of female students in Ahvaz city and the role of new technologies, especially the Internet and virtual social networks, on the digitalization of lifestyle. New technologies that have penetrated all social, organizational and individual spaces in human societies and have affected people's daily life, work and knowledge.methodThe method used in this research is "data base theory" as one of the main methods of qualitative research. The research data was collected through in-depth interviews and theoretical sampling with 35 students and related key informants and for data analysis from the 2015 edition of Corbin and Strauss, five methods of open coding and diagnosis. Concepts, development of concepts in line with dimensions and characteristics, data analysis for the context, entering the process into the analysis and integration of categories were used.the resultAfter coding, 10 main categories and 28 sub-categories emerged from the data, and each of these main categories were fully analyzed based on the text of the interviews. The emerging paradigm includes three dimensions of conditions, action-interaction and consequences. In terms of conditions, communication means in the center of daily life, sharing; Online trust and connection, institutional chaos in the protection of users' privacy, personality-oriented components and in the dimension of interaction-interaction of the international platforms of identity development, the body as an arena for displaying the power of signals, virtual-oriented communication and In the consequences dimension, the challenges of privacy protection in digital life, digital resocialization and digitalization of everyday experiences have been formed, which after coding, in the form of 10 major coding categories and in the selective coding stage, extracting the core category of "multi-spatial" It led to the globalization of students, which is considered the central category of this research.
Curriculum Development
mahtab Asgari; mohamadjavad liaghatdar; azam Esfijani; leila heshmatifar
Abstract
IntroductionThe challenges inherent in online learning environments, such as feelings of isolation and alienation, are often overlooked. This highlights the need for special attention to fostering a sense of presence in these settings. Specifically Teaching techniques used by educators play a key role ...
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IntroductionThe challenges inherent in online learning environments, such as feelings of isolation and alienation, are often overlooked. This highlights the need for special attention to fostering a sense of presence in these settings. Specifically Teaching techniques used by educators play a key role in enhancing the learning experience and strengthening students' sense of presence. Consequently, refining and optimizing these techniques can significantly contribute to improving presence and mitigating the challenges of its creation in online settings. MethodThis research used a mixed-methods approach to investigation and validate teaching techniques aimed at creating a sense of presence in online learning environments. Initially, Data for investigation the teaching techniques were collected through content analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with experts in the field. Data collection continued until informational saturation was achieved, with 25 documents reviewed and 14 interviews conducted. The findings were formulated into a questionnaire, which, after establishing its validity and reliability, was distributed among 83 faculty members and students from various disciplines and levels at Isfahan University through purposeful and convenient sampling for validation purposes.ResultsThe questionnaire results, with a credibility score above 0.80, were confirmed by both faculty and student groups. The findings indicated that, from the perspective of both groups, confidentiality, privacy protection, educational support, and updating online instructors, as well as starting classes with appropriate topics and dedicating a session to getting to know the students, are among the most critical techniques for creating a sense of presence, recognized with a credibility level above 0.85. Furthermore, Key techniques for enhancing presence included:-Creating intimacy with learners;- Using a simple and friendly tone;- Addressing students by name;- Referring to students' messages;- Starting classes with non-academic topics;- Utilizing emojis;- Sending congratulatory or condolence messages.DiscussionThe findings of this research can help instructional designers and educators create more engaging and effective online learning environments by focusing on techniques that foster interaction and personal connection.
Educational Management
Mohammad Forouhar; Naghi Radi Afsouran; Seyed Hedayatallah Davarpanah
Abstract
The present research aims to study agile learning as a leadership competency in the workplace and to standardize its measurement scale. The literature review showed that according to the theory of Lombardo and Echenberg (2000), agile learning could be identified in the four elements of mental agility, ...
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The present research aims to study agile learning as a leadership competency in the workplace and to standardize its measurement scale. The literature review showed that according to the theory of Lombardo and Echenberg (2000), agile learning could be identified in the four elements of mental agility, change agility, people agility, and results agility. Other components related to agile learning can be placed within these four elements. 217 employees with managerial experience in a governmental company in Tehran were selected using stratified sampling method. Hence, first, Kraut and Caldwell's agile learning questionnaire (2016), which included 25 items, was translated by the researchers. Then, its face and content validity was confirmed by the experts. Finally, it was completed by the participants. The results of the survey analysis showed that the construct validity of the mentioned scale, using the first and second-order factor analysis, in all the items except for seven items (9, 20, 7, 3, 10, 2, and 23), have an acceptable factor load with its related element and are confirmed. Also, all elements of the translated scale have significant correlation coefficients and have an acceptable factor load with agile learning (t≥1.96). In addition, elements of people agility and agility of results have the highest correlation coefficient, and elements of agility of change and agility of results have the lowest correlation coefficient together. Also, the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the agile learning scale and all its elements have good reliability.The results of the survey analysis showed that the construct validity of the mentioned scale, using the first and second-order factor analysis, in all the items except for seven items (9, 20, 7, 3, 10, 2, and 23), have an acceptable factor load with its related element and are confirmed. Also, all elements of the translated scale have significant correlation coefficients and have an acceptable factor load with agile learning (t≥1.96). In addition, elements of people agility and agility of results have the highest correlation coefficient, and elements of agility of change and agility of results have the lowest correlation coefficient together. Also, the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the agile learning scale and all its elements have good reliability.
Philosophy of Education
Narges Sadat سجادیه; Mahdi Talebi
Abstract
In recent years, "autonomy" has been considered as one of the important goals of educational systems. At the same time, ambiguity about the concept of "autonomy" and its distinction from other concepts such as irresponsibility can lead to some kind of confusion in the practical world and may lead to ...
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In recent years, "autonomy" has been considered as one of the important goals of educational systems. At the same time, ambiguity about the concept of "autonomy" and its distinction from other concepts such as irresponsibility can lead to some kind of confusion in the practical world and may lead to educational fallacy. In the meantime, various thinkers have tried to clarify the concept of autonomy and its educational requirements. Dearden is one of these thinkers who has tried to provide a proper analysis of the concept of autonomy. The present research was done with the purpose of explaining, criticizing and evaluating autonomy from the perspective of the Dearden. For this reason, it has been tried to evaluate its conceptual structure expressed. In the other word, we tried to deduce necessary conceptual conditions of it. After that, considering these conceptual conditions, we endeavored to formulate some educational principles for realizing autonomy in educational environments. MethodThe methodological approach used in this research has been the concept analysis approach in the form of conceptual explanation, conceptual structure evaluation and conceptualization. In explaining the concept of autonomy in education, we endeavored to evaluate its conceptual structure based on Deardean’s view of it. Upon this, we tried to deduce conceptual necessary conditions of autonomy. In the end, based on this conceptualization and with the approach of implicit inference, suggestions have been made for the realization of educational autonomy.ResultsAfter analyzing and criticizing Dearden's view on autonomy, eight conditions were obtained as necessary conditions for the realization of autonomy. These conditions are: “thinking”, “independence”, “freedom”, “originality”, “coherence of action and thought, and “ceaseless criticism”. More over, we tried to formulate some educational principles which facilitate its realization in the educational environments. These principles are: “strengthening critical thinking as a basis for constant critical thinking”, “strengthening self-knowledge as the basis of originality”, “giving freedom as the basis of choice and independence”, “emphasazing on holistic view as the basis of coherence of thought and action”, “reciprocal view of freedom/law”, “reciprocal view of institutional facts/individual discoveries or innovations”, “gradual approach to development and emergence of autonomy” and “creating intellectual security for students and teachers”.DiscussionReflecting on Dearden's view of autonomy, we come across questions that can be used to criticize Dearden's conception of autonomy. For example, in rationality, we can distinguish between it and the use of reflective-thinking capabilities.
Educational Management
fateme taherpour; hadi pourshafei
Abstract
The need to pay attention to the attraction of foreign students in border universities is of great importance considering the border conditions and in order to develop educational activities outside the borders and cultural affinity with neighboring countries. Therefore, it is necessary that the universities ...
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The need to pay attention to the attraction of foreign students in border universities is of great importance considering the border conditions and in order to develop educational activities outside the borders and cultural affinity with neighboring countries. Therefore, it is necessary that the universities in the east of the country, with active human resources and a suitable border location with other countries, move towards attracting more students; Because this will expand the boundaries of knowledge, develop specialized and creative human resources, increase international cooperation, grow and develop new skills and attitudes, and increase income for the university.MethodThe approach of the current research was qualitative with the foundation's data theory strategy. Among the universities in the east of the country, two Ferdowsi and Birjand universities were selected in a targeted and accessible way. The research participants were faculty members; They were selected in a targeted and snowball method and based on data saturation, 15 people were interviewed. Data analysis was done at three levels of open coding, central coding, and selective coding. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis.ResultsThe results indicated that in explaining the effective factors in attracting foreign students, the establishment of an international unit, the existence of coherent laws, the acceptance of different cultures, the existence of communication networks, focus on basic research, modern teaching system, excellent scientific references, comfort and service facilities, Financial incentives were effective. In explaining the effective actions and strategies of the virtual unit, separate training, standard recruitment criteria, double degree, enjoying material and intellectual rights, research assistant, collaborative projects, research-oriented recruitment were achieved.DiscussionThe pattern of attracting foreign students in dual spectrums is placed in four dominant patterns; which shows which model is dominant or dominant based on the multifaceted investment model. The first model is the result of the range of academic needs (resources) and obtaining financial benefits, it is the maximum absorption model. The second model: regional recruitment: this model focuses on accepting students with cultural affinity with the social environment. The third model is elite-oriented recruitment and finally the fourth model is project-oriented recruitment.
Philosophy of Education
Marzieh Farzollahi Zanjani; Mohammad Reza Sarmadi; Bahareh Azizinejad
Abstract
IntroductionFrom a long time ago, the principles of education and ethics on one hand and aesthetics on the other hand have been of special importance in the topics of philosophy. Since philosophers disagree about the amount of measure and how they relate to each other, it seems necessary to investigate ...
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IntroductionFrom a long time ago, the principles of education and ethics on one hand and aesthetics on the other hand have been of special importance in the topics of philosophy. Since philosophers disagree about the amount of measure and how they relate to each other, it seems necessary to investigate in this field. This research tries to explain the educational issues, aesthetic components and how to relate between these two from Richard Rorty’s point of view and criticizes it based on the FRDE (in the second period of high school). Then it presents a model based on the findings. MethodThe research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. In this article, using Meta-Synthesis method (Sandelowski & Barroso’s model), qualitative findings related to the topic were reviewed and analyzed. Delphi method was used to determine the level of consensus among experts. The statistical population of the research was all experts and professors in the field of education. The experts were selected in the purposeful way. The research tool was Delphi questionnaire. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire with a Likert scale was prepared and given to 10 professors and experts in the field of education in two stages. It’s Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was checked.ResultsThe final results of the research showed that in the current study, based on selective coding, 6 codes bring Rorty's educational views closer to the FRDE. The codes, in order of importance, include tolerance, leniency and peaceful coexistence; vitality and hope; emotion and imagination; criticism of oppression, and human rights; self-creation and recreation; and ethical culture. DiscussionTherefore, according to the research, Richard Rorty’s views about education and aesthetic aspects of that are different from the FRDE’ views. Although their perspectives are basically very far from each other, but some categories have made them close and similar together. These 6 categories show how far they can be used in educational system of Iran.
Educational Planing
Majid Darbandi; Sayed Amin Mansouri; seyed morteza Afghah; Mostafa Mohammadi Dehchehshmeh; Sajad Bahmani
Abstract
IntroductionUniversity is a center of specialized education and a turning point in the entry of students into the labor markets and the development of various student skills. University in each country is one of the important factors in the formation of their economic, social and cultural development ...
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IntroductionUniversity is a center of specialized education and a turning point in the entry of students into the labor markets and the development of various student skills. University in each country is one of the important factors in the formation of their economic, social and cultural development policies, so the university system plays an important role in the development of countries with its outcomes and impacts. In fact educational activities in any country can be called an intergenerational investment the main goal of these investments is human development and the growth of people's awareness and abilities. The importance of this research in the ranking of universities helps politicians to address regional discrimination from this perspective with an open and more accurate view. Research results but unfortunately, it tells of an unbalanced regional distribution in academic development, which requires a review of regional policies in line with the goals of regional balanced development. MethodThe aim of this study is to examine the ranking of the provinces of Iran from the perspective of academic indicators including university teachers including faculty members with the degree of Professor, Associate Professor and Assistant Professor and non-faculty teachers, students and graduates of doctoral, master's and Bachelor’s degrees using academic indicators including academic indicators with the TOPSIS method for the academic year 2019 in 31 provinces of Iran.DiscussionThe overall result of the review of the status of university in the provinces of Iran also indicates that the number of 2 provinces of Tehran and Alborz in the advanced provinces and 29 other provinces have been considered as developing provinces, and there have been no underdeveloped provinces that are visible. The results also show that the development of 26 provinces in the field of universities was below the average, which should be given a lot of attention and on the other hand, it indicated the unbalanced development of the provinces of the country in the field of universities.
Philosophy of Education
Mehrnoosh Hedayati; Nayere Dalir
Abstract
IntroductionFrom the point of view of education experts, fostering "national identity" is not achievable through memory-oriented teaching of historical or national components. Rather, this goal is accomplished through the active participation of learners and their attainment of high-level objectives ...
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IntroductionFrom the point of view of education experts, fostering "national identity" is not achievable through memory-oriented teaching of historical or national components. Rather, this goal is accomplished through the active participation of learners and their attainment of high-level objectives in both cognitive and emotional domains in Bloom’s Taxonomy. The “Community of Inquiry” is an educational procedure that provides the opportunity for active and collaborative learning by utilizing tools such as criticue, creation, and evaluation. From this perspective, the research problem focuses on investigating the possibility of teaching an objective and retrospective lesson such as “history” in Community of Inquiry; and additionally, it explores how to increase enthusiasm and connection with this identity-shaping subject through the cultivation of caring thinking in the Community of Inquiry.MethodThe research employs an Analytical-Inferential method. Analytical method provides a detailed interpretation of goals and pathology of “Hystory”, cognitive and emotional domains in Bloom’s Taxonomy, caring thinking, and community of inquiry. Based on inductive logic, the relationship between the data and beyond the data, such as predictions about future data, and general conclusions about the data were inferred.ResultsThe results of this study indicate that increasing emotional sensitivity through historical awareness, the desire to embrace national identity, selective attention to the identity-shaping concepts in the history course, enthusiastically act to understand the national history, and valuing national identity occurs through the cultivation of caring thinking in community of inquiry; and it have a positive effect on the formation of the national and historical identity among students.Discussion"Caring Thinking" is one of the higher order thinking skills that involve both cognitive and emotional goals. Lack of attention to these goals, especially in the history as an identity-shaping course, can provide the way for cultural invasion. The subject of history in schools is not merely a knowledge-based lesson, rather, it is an effort focoused on exploring sterategies for shaping a better future of human life, through objectives such as the development of student’s personality, identity, and thinking skills, and consequently in society as a whole. By employing active and reflective teaching approaches and cultivating various higher-order skills, especially caring thinking, it is possible to contribute to the formation and sustainbility of the national and historical identity of Iran's future builders.
Educational Management
sara shafiei baghbadrani; Mitra Ezati
Abstract
Due to the fact that digital universities use new technologies to disseminate organizational knowledge at all organizational levels, they need to identify the factors affecting the implementation and establishment of knowledge management in their organization.In this research, the factors affecting the ...
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Due to the fact that digital universities use new technologies to disseminate organizational knowledge at all organizational levels, they need to identify the factors affecting the implementation and establishment of knowledge management in their organization.In this research, the factors affecting the implementation and establishment of knowledge management in digital universities were identified. The current research was qualitative and data-based with a systematic approach. The field of study was 18 experts and experts who were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method.In order to obtain the desired data, a semi-structured interview was taken from these 18 people, which continued until the data saturation stage. The findings of the research were categorized into five causal, contextual, intervening, strategic and consequences factors based on Strauss and Corbin's model.Causal factors include: provision of organizational infrastructure, development of knowledge management process, forward-looking view of organization and ecosystem and organizational structure. Background factors include: the potential capabilities of the organization, keeping pace with the digital transformation and adapting to the current world conditions.Intervening factors include: the distinction of human resources, the organizational field, the lack of development of information technology, the prevailing policies on the organization and the management and leadership of the organization. Strategic factors include: applying the necessary training in the organization, using incentives, creating a culture, appropriate career paths, meeting the necessary financial resources, providing monitoring and evaluation systems. The consequences are: individual effects and organizational effects.Finally, the paradigm model was presented. The central category in this paradigm model is "knowledge-oriented transformation of universities in the digital age".According to the findings of this research, in digital universities, one should not be completely fascinated by technology and forget the role of humans. In order to implement knowledge management, it is necessary for all people to do their part; Both superiors and policy makers, high managers, professors and students. Obviously, organizational managers have a more important role in this matter.For this reason, it is recommended that policymakers, organizational managers, and university professors who work in a digital or pre-digital organizational environment use this paradigm model.
Curriculum Development
mozhgan ghaneaa malati; reza saberi; rasoul eskandari
Abstract
Fractions are a fundamental concept in mathematics, serving as a building block for various mathematical operations and applications across different contexts. They are essential not only in basic arithmetic but also in higher-level math concepts such as ratios, proportions, and algebra. However, understanding ...
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Fractions are a fundamental concept in mathematics, serving as a building block for various mathematical operations and applications across different contexts. They are essential not only in basic arithmetic but also in higher-level math concepts such as ratios, proportions, and algebra. However, understanding and solving word problems related to fractions presents a significant challenge for many elementary students. This challenge arises from the abstract nature of fractions, which can be difficult for young learners to grasp, as well as the complex language often used in word problems that can confuse students.To address this persistent issue, the implementation of integrated teaching strategies within the context of fraction word problems has shown promising potential. By integrating different subjects and utilizing various teaching methods, educators can create a more comprehensive learning experience. Therefore, this study aims to explore the essential components of integrated teaching specifically for fraction word problems designed for third-grade students, grounded in the principles of visual arts, which can enhance engagement and understanding.To achieve this goal, a qualitative meta-synthesis approach was employed, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the existing literature on the topic. Data were collected using a qualitative design based on synthesis research, following the structured seven-step approach outlined by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The statistical population for this study included both domestic and international research conducted from 2013 to 2023. A systematic search was performed using relevant keywords, and studies were selected through purposeful sampling based on established acceptance and rejection criteria. Ultimately, 38 articles were chosen for analysis, employing a three-stage coding method consisting of open, axial, and selective coding. The findings revealed that several components are crucial in the interdisciplinary integrated teaching of fraction word problems, particularly when incorporating visual arts principles. Key components such as conceptual knowledge, drawing, modeling, and the part-whole structure emerged as common and foundational elements. By creating practical opportunities for integrated teaching, these components can foster deep and sustainable learning experiences that are relevant to students' real lives. Ultimately, such an approach has the potential to significantly enhance students' understanding and problem-solving skills in mathematics, making the learning process more engaging and effective for young learners.
Educational Psychology
مریم محسن پور; Azam Moghadam; Zahra Mohammadnia
Abstract
Considering the high potential of reading literacy in influencing other fields of learning, reading instruction and its promotion play an important role in academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to predict the reading literacy of Iranian students participating in the PIRLS 2021 ...
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Considering the high potential of reading literacy in influencing other fields of learning, reading instruction and its promotion play an important role in academic success. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to predict the reading literacy of Iranian students participating in the PIRLS 2021 based on student variables (reading self-concept, attitude towards reading) and teacher variables (school climate, school emphasis on academic success, teacher’s instructional limitations). Therefore, the present research with a secondary approach to the analysis of PIRLS data among Iranian students performed. The statistical population of Iranian students in the PIRLS 2021 consisted of 1,348,842 fourth grade students from 43,697 schools in the academic year of 2019-2020, which were selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling method with a total of 5,962 students from 218 school.ResultsData analyzed through hierarchical linear modeling by spss and R softwre. The findings of the study indicated that at the student’s level, self-concept had a significant relationship with reading literacy, while the variable of attitude towards reading did not have a significant relationship with reading literacy. Additionally, at the teacher’s level, none of the three variables (school climate, school emphasis on academic success, teacher limitations) had a significant relationship with reading literacy. By adding predictor variables of the student level to the model, the inter-class correlation was 0.36, which means that 36% of the variance of the reading literacy progress score derives from inter-school factors. By adding the predictor variables of the teacher level to the model, the inter-class correlation again was 0.36. It means that 36% of the variance of the reading achievement score was caused by inter-school factors, but this variance was not caused by the three variables at the second level.The results of this study highlight the importance of a self-concept in reading literacy and suggest that fostering confidence and positive attitude towards students can help them to improve their reading performance. Therefore, designing educational interventions based on improving students ‘self concept should be considered by those involved in planning educational system.
Philosophy of Education
Yalda Hesari; Mohammad Hossein Heidari; Hassan Ali Bakhtiar Nasrabadi; sayyedjalal hashemi
Abstract
Analyzing Teacher Character from the Perspective of Caring Ethics: Deducing Educational PrinciplesIntroductionThe purpose of this research is to analyze and explain teacher character from the perspective of caring ethics and to deduce its educational principles.The purpose of this research is to analyze ...
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Analyzing Teacher Character from the Perspective of Caring Ethics: Deducing Educational PrinciplesIntroductionThe purpose of this research is to analyze and explain teacher character from the perspective of caring ethics and to deduce its educational principles.The purpose of this research is to analyze and explain teacher character from the perspective of caring ethics and to deduce its educational principles.MethodThis research has been conducted using an analytical-deductive method. In the analytical approach, the concepts and components related to teacher character have been analyzed and recognized in two educational and training dimensions. Then, with a progressive deductive approach, the principles of teacher character based on caring ethics have been extracted and explained.ResultsAnalyses show that the theory of caring ethics includes characteristics such as compassion and kindness to others, situational orientation, detail-orientedness, commitment to meeting the needs of others, and understanding others, the application of which can increase motivation and enthusiasm among students. The research findings show that the general character of a teacher based on caring ethics includes components such as connecting course topics with students' experiences, taking it easy in teaching, communication skills, teaching based on the needs of learners, mastery of the subject, classroom management, participatory evaluation, receiving feedback, diversity in content presentation, the instructor's knowledge of himself and the learner, interdisciplinary thinking, collaborative learning, cultivating critical thinking, receptive listening, being a role model, commitment and responsibility, establishing sincere communication, affirmation, trust, humility, patience, justice, avoiding harmful behavior, honesty, paying attention to cultural and educational differences, respect, and attention to spiritual matters.DiscussionThe derivation of the components and principles of teacher character shows the special attention of the ethics of care to the educational and training dimension of learners, because the teacher's morality, attention, and emotional support can have a significant impact on student performance and create harmony and empathy.Keywords: Caring ethics, teaching character, care, educational principles.
Philosophy of Education
Amin Izadpanah
Abstract
IntroductionIn educational systems, curricula are often perceived as rigid directives that educators must strictly follow, which limits their agency and creativity. This article explores how teachers can critically engage with centralized curricula, emphasizing the ethical responsibility to adapt learning ...
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IntroductionIn educational systems, curricula are often perceived as rigid directives that educators must strictly follow, which limits their agency and creativity. This article explores how teachers can critically engage with centralized curricula, emphasizing the ethical responsibility to adapt learning experiences to meet diverse student needs. Using a philosophical critique approach, it draws on Paulo Freire's ideas of dialogue, praxis, and conscientization, promoting an auto-ethnographic method for teachers to reflect on their practice and challenge centralized norms.Method This article deals with its subject using a philosophical inquiry approach, moving between theory and practice to critique centralized curricula. It utilizes Paulo Freire's perspective and proposes educational Auto-ethnography for teachers to engage critically. Alain Badiou's philosophical concepts are employed to theorize how Auto-ethnography can address the issues of a centralized curriculum.DiscussionFreire advocates for a form of education grounded in social, cultural, and political realities, where praxis involves reflective action against injustice. This process fosters critical inquiry and deep understanding, allowing students and teachers to engage meaningfully with curricula. Auto-ethnography, a qualitative research method, focuses on personal experience and cultural context, encouraging teachers to engage in introspection and critical self-reflection. This approach enhances transparency, enabling educators to evaluate their roles and the impact of curricula on students, fostering proactive engagement rather than passive compliance. By intertwining personal narratives with cultural analysis, auto-ethnography promotes collective knowledge and transformation, aligning with Freirean principles of dialogue and critical awareness.The work of Alain Badiou offers a theoretical lens for understanding the gaps in centralized curricula. Badiou’s concept of the "Event" presents a framework for recognizing the presence and absence of knowledge in educational contexts. He asserts that true change requires recognizing these gaps and working towards redefining structures based on new truths that emerge from classroom dynamics. Auto-ethnography facilitates this recognition, encouraging teachers to engage with the complexities of their roles and cultural networks.ConclusionUltimately, the article argues for a shift in the perception of teachers from mere executors of curricula to transformative agents. Educational auto-ethnography empowers educators to embrace cultural sensitivity and authenticity, fostering a shift towards more decentralized curricula. While systemic change is challenging, engaging teachers as active participants in their educational contexts can promote a more dynamic and meaningful learning environment. Through critical reflection and self-examination, teachers can catalyze significant transformations in both their practice and their students’ educational experiences.
